Monthly Archives: January 2016

Haydn, “Schöpfungsmesse” (Creation Mass)

 

 

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Two performances of Haydn’s  “Schöpfungsmesse” (Creation Mass) are posted here.

I humbly ask you: How could critic Anthony Tommasini (“The Greatest,” The New York Times, January 21, 2011) leave Haydn off his list of the ten greatest composers?

This mass — one of six masses of unsurpassable beauty and profundity composed by Handel (a very devout man) near the end of his life — requires no comment, but the flawless composition in a work that is the antithesis of “cold” or impersonal (Mozart achieves this too in his religious works; and Beethoven in his Mass in C major) makes it a supreme achievement.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

   updated March 2021

Haydn, “Mass in Time of War”

 

Haydn, “Mass in Time of War”

 

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

   January 2016

Handel, “Sosarme, re di Media”

 

 

an aria from Sosarme

Altomaro: “Fra l’ombre e gl’orrori”

 

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a duet from Sosarme

“Per le porte del tormento” (Sosarme ed Elmira)

 

Per le porte del tormento passan l’anime a gioir.

Sta ‘l contento del cordoglio sul confine,

Non v’è rosa senza spine

né piacer senza martir. Per le porte, etc.

 

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an aria from Act Two, Scene 9

Aria di Sosarme

Alle sfere della gloria alza i vanni un nobil cor;

Pugna, suda e alla vittoria Gli è sol stimolo l’onor.

Alle sfere, etc.

 

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Act Two, Scene Thirteen

Aria di Sosarme

In mille dolci modi al sen ti stringerò.
Rinnoverò quei nodi
che amor in noi formò,
e del tuo bella lode ogn’or celebrerò.

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Handel wrote breath-stopping arias. An endless stream of gorgeous music.

So why do people think of him as the composer of one great work, Messiah?

What about Samson? See my post:

Handel’s “Samson”

Handel’s “Samson”

What about Handel’s pastoral ode L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato, a setting of John Milton’s “l’Allegro ed il Pensero”?

Handel, “l’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato”

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Posted here (below) is a recording of Sosarme, re di Media.

Sosarme was one of Handel’s Italian operas; it was composed in 1732.

It was a success at that time, but for years was neglected.

I discovered it almost by accident in the 1970’s on a rare LP.

I have become addicted to it. It is full of gorgeous music.

 

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Note that the l’Oiseau Lyre recording mentioned above is the one posted here.

Sosarme by George Frideric Handel

The Saint Anthony Singers; The Saint Cecilia Orchestra; Anthony Lewis, conductor.

Date of Recording: 1954

Language: Italian
Sosarme – Alfred Deller (counter-tenor)

Haliate – William Herbert (tenor)

Erenice – Nancy Evans (soprano)

Elmira – Margaret Ritchie (soprano)

Argone – John Kentish (tenor)

Melo – Helen Watts (contralto)

Altomaro – Ian Wallace (bass-baritone)

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Sosarme is something of a problem child. No one would rank it among the greatest of Handel’s operas, which are landmarks in the history of the art. It has had an indifferent press from historians and scholars. [Charles] Burney, it is true, ranked it among Handel’s ‘most pleasing theatrical compositions’, but he judged by standards that satisfy few critics today, assessing each opera as a string of arias written for particular singers rather than a musical drama based on the conflict of character and emotion. To [Richard Alexander] Streatfeild Sosarme was ‘another of Handel’s less important operas’, to [Edward J.] Dent another unsatisfactory opera’.

Between Handel’s only revival in 1734 [of Sosarme] and Alan Kuching’s Abingdon production in September 1970 it was never performed in the theatre despite the widespread enthusiasm that has resurrected all but one of Handel’s thirty-nine surviving operas, many of them repeatedly, on modern stages. Yet it was one of the first to be broadcast by the BBC and made available on the gramophone (Oiseau Lyre, 1955, conducted by Anthony Lewis), and the first in which the voices (with one minor exception) were recorded at their original pitch. Most people who know the score or the recording would probably agree that it is full of magnificent music, whatever their reservations about the libretto.” [italics added]

— Winton Dean, “Handel’s Sosarme: A Puzzle Opera,” in Winton Dean, Essays on Opera (Oxford University Press, 1990)

 

—  posted by Roger W. Smith

   February 2019

 

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SOSARME (complete)

 

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LIBRETTO

Sosarme, Re di Media

Musica di George Frederich Handel

Personaggi

Sosarme, Re di Media, contralto Haliate , Re di Lidia, tenore Erenice, sposa di Haliate, Alto

Elmira, figlia di Haliate, promessa sposa di Sosarme, soprano

Argone, figlio di Haliate, alto Melo, figlio illegittimo di Haliate, alto Altomaro, consigliere di Haliate, basso

 

Ouverture

Atto Primo

Scena prima
Piazza di sardi con squadre schierate.

Recitativo
Argone
Di mio padre al furore, all’assedio, agli assalti, Sardi
egl’è ver ancor resiste altera.
Ma che mi giova un sì glorioso ardire? Manca al popolo il vitto,
e già la fame dispiega i suoi trofei; che deggio far?
Mi consigliate, oh Dei!
(Si volge verso le guardie)

Accompagnato Argone
Voi miei fidi compagni
ora mirate l’orrido mostro della fame;
ei viene con fauci splancate a divorarne, qual riparo opporremo a nostro scampo; ma con luci serene, mirate poi,
fuor delle nostre mura un abbondante campo,
corriamo,
e forti eroi sortiamo armati ad attaccarlo e pronti portiam strage, furore,
tutto sorpresa, orrore, confusion, terrore.

Coro Militare
Alla strage, alla morte! alla vittoria!
pronti siam tutti
a secondar tua gloria. Alla strage, alla morte!

Scena seconda Camera.
Erenice ed Elmira

Recitativo Elmira
Madre e Regina.

Erenice
Elmira.

Elmira
E tanta fede merta aver dal tuo core un sogno?

Erenice
Ah! figlia, parla,
il Cielo tra l’ombre e al Ciel si crede.
Elmira
Narra il sogno, oh Signora!

Erenice
Odi, il periglio di quest’orrida guerra Tra ‘l genitore e figlio
è scandalo del Cielo e della terra; la scorsa notte,
allo spuntar del giorno, stanchi di lagrimare
io chiudo i lumi, quando Hecate la Diva vidi spuntar dal Cielo
e tosto affisse in me le belle luci, e così disse:

Aria di Erenice Rasserena Erenice il mesto ciglio,
oggi de’ tuoi terminerà lo sdegno,
ma col sangue real
sparso dal figlio avrà fine la guerra, e pace il regno.

Elmira
S’è l’oracolo del Cielo,
e che si teme mentre t’esorta a serenare il ciglio?

Erenice
E qual ragion di speme
se minaccia la morte dal padre al figlio?

Elmira
Sì, ma pur non soggiace alcun di loro
a tal periglio.
Argone chiuso è qui in Sardi, ed Haliate in campo,
seco pur è Sosarme.

Erenice
Oh Dei!
Che questa speranza
ancora all’alma mia sol resta.

Aria di Elmira
Rendi ‘l sereno al ciglio, madre, non pianger più,
no, madre non pianger più! Temer d’alcun periglio Oggi come puoi tu, madre. Rendi ‘l sereno, etc.

Scena Terza
Erenice, e poi Elmira.

Recitativo Erenice
Giusti Numi, conforto in tante amate pene!

Elmira
Ah cara madre, vieni, prega, minaccia.

Erenice
Oh Dei! Che fia?
Elmira (Recitativo versione A)
Mi scoppia il cor nel dirlo. Argone l’arme risoluto prepara per sortire di Sardi.
(si vada a scena quarta)

Elmira (Recitativo versione B)
Mi scoppia il cor nel dirlo. Argone l’arme risoluto prepara per sortire di Sardi.

Erenice
Oh Ciel, che sento!
Che orrore, che spavento! Elmira, oh Dio!
Vedi ch’è troppo vero il sogno mio. Ma l’empio consigliere chi fu?

Elmira Disperazione. Io ti precedeo,
e tenterò, coi prieghi,
con lagrime, e sospiri calmar cor sdegnato
secondi ‘l mio disegno amico fato.
(Parte)

Scena Quarta Erenice sola

Recitativo Erenice
Così un figlio ribelle calpesta l’alta legge di natura,
del cielo e delle genti?
Ma, o questi occhi dolenti cangeranno d’Argone il reo consiglio, o che prima del padre,
ha da svenar la madre il crudo figlio.

Aria di Erenice
Forte inciampo al suo furore pria che giunga al genitore questo petto gli sarà.
Oh il suo sdegno estinto Langue nel pianto
O dal mio sangue Incominci l’empietà. Forte inciampo, etc.

Scena Quinta Campagna Tendata. Altomaro, e Melo

Recitativo Altomaro
Melo, mio prence,
soffri ch’io nipote t’appelli:
è ver che vanti Haliate per padre, ma Anagilda a me figlia
a te fu madre.

Melo
Altomaro, il tuo affetto più caro mi sarà,
se sia più giusto,
a che mai più t’intenda, invitarmi sul trono.

Altomaro
E’ ‘l solo modo per illustrar il tuo natale oscuro;
Haliate ti dichiara suo legittimo erede, Argone esclude.
Mantien discord’ il genitore e ‘l figlio; segui per tuo vantaggio il mio consiglio.
Melo
Scellerato disegno!

Altomaro
Io vo’ condurti al soglio.

Melo
Con scellerata azione, io non lo voglio dall’empietà non cerco la mia grandezza.

Altomaro
Addio, principe scrupoloso, a tuo dispetto,
ti condurrà sul trono il zelo mio.

Aria di Altomaro Fra l’ombre e gl’orrori farfalla confusa
già spenta la face non sa mai goder. Così fra timori tua mente delusa
non speri mai pace nè speri piacer.
Fra l’ombre, etc.

Scena Sesta
Melo, Sosarme con seguito.

Recitativo Sosarme
Come più dell’usato,
o Prence, io ti ritrovo pensieroso, e turbato.
Qual sciagura di novo…?

Melo
Signor,
e qual peggiore sciagura avvenir può della presente?
Se l’odio arma ambo il figlio e ‘l genitore.

Sosarme
Ma qual ardir d’un figlio,
qual perfidia d’un popolo ribelle negare al proprio padre,
al suo regnante
nella Reggia l’ingresso?

Melo
E questi,
e quello merta pietà, perdono; la giustizia arma il popolo,
ed Argone s’arma per sostener
il diritto al trono.

Sosarme
Ma, se volesse il Cielo premiar la tua virtù, Melo col soglio.

Melo
Cotanto ingiusto,
il Ciel creder non voglio.

Sosarme
Melo, Melo!
più degno sei di regnar quanto più sprezzi un regno.
Adesso io me consiglio colà in Sardi passar trattar col figlio;
e se nulla otterrò
son certo almeno di bear
il mio cor vedendo Elmira..

Melo
Gran Re, a tua giusta impresa il Ciel arrida.

Aria di Melo
Sì, Sì, minaccia,
e vinta l’ira in sì gran periglio al padre unisci il figlio
con laccio più fedel. D’empia messera estinta Per te l’indegna face
Un bel seren di pace Ritorni a questo ciel. Sì, Sì, minaccia, etc.

Scena Settima Sosarme, ed Haliate.

Il cessar dagli assali, non è , Sosarme, nò,
vil contrassegno di mancanza di sdegno. Questo breve riposo,
diedi al furor,
per meditar le forme d’un castigo il più enorme che inventasser giammai sdegni reali.

Sosarme
Haliate, sono anch’essi, i Re Mortali.
Sol li distingue la pietà, il perdono.

Haliate
Pietà fa bello,
e non sicuro il trono.

Sosarme
Più sicuro il farà Forse la crudeltà?

Haliate
Di là giustizia…

Sosarme
Giustizia?
E quando, e come s’usurpò L’ira tua così bel nome?

Haliate
Punir la fellonia chiami furore?

Sosarme
Sostener la giustizia è fellonia?

Haliate
E’ giustizia negare al suo signore Obbedienza e rispetto?

Sosarme
Adunque fia marca di poca fede Sostener le ragioni,
del legittimo erede?

E’ ancor vivente il proprio genitore. Re si dichiara un figlio.

Sosarme
E al successore si toglie una corona, ch’e il retaggio degli Avi,
e la natura, e ‘l merto, e ‘l Ciel gli dona?

Haliate
Non più contese,
io voglio le mie ragioni esercitar coll’armi,
il temerario orgoglio vo’ punir de’ ribelli e vendicarmi; nei sangue dei felloni nuoti pur l’ira mia,
nè a sesso, a sangue, nè ad innocenza, o ad età non si perdoni.

Sosarme
Haliate,
del tuo sdegno sinistra non sarà la mia giustizia se conti fra ribelli Elmira
sposa mia, non più tua figlia; conta ancor me tra quelli; non più genero tuo,
ma tuo nemico. Sosterrò la tua gloria s’ami perdon;
ma se vendetta vuoi,
s’opporrà questo petto ai furor tuoi.

Aria di Sosarme
Il mio valore Ch’alberga in petto
Al tuo furore argin sarà.
E’ gran delitto di nobil alma, l’ave rla palma su crudeltà. Il mio valore, etc.

Scena Ottava Haliate solo.

Recitativo Haliate
Così dunque sospiran a danni miei Né figlie, né amici,
la sorte è la natura. Ah! Regnanti infelici se provan congiurato
contro di lor il proprio sangue, e il fato.

Aria di Haliate
La turba adulatrice da me ritiri ‘l piè; basta che l’ira ultrice rimanga sol con me: vo’ vendicarmi.
Regnante vilipeso, gl’oltraggi soffrirò? Padre dal figlio offeso, l’orgoglio non saprò punir coll’armi?
La turba adulatrice , etc.

Scena Nona
Argone, armato con squadra di Ufficiali.

Recitativo Argone
Amici, troppo oscuro torpe il valor nascosto;
necessità ci spinge fuor delle mura a procurar dal campo al nome,
ed al bisogno, e fama, e scampo.

Scena Decima
Argone, Erenice, ed Emira.

Recitativo Argone
Su, miei prodi, alla gloria!
(Nel partire incontra Erenice, ed Elmira).

Erenice
Ferma, o figlio, ove vai?
qual sacrilego brando impugni, oh Dio! contro del genitor.

Elmira
Germano amato, per questo pianto mio,,.

Argone
Regina, Elmira, addio!

Erenice
Regina tu mi chiami, e non più madre?
Delle viscere mie parto più caro
Deponi quell’acciaro E l’ira assieme;
ti rendi indegno al trono
s’oggi furor ti guida,
la spada impugnar di parricida.

Argone
Ragione armò il miobraccio Per vendicar li tuoi, gl’oltraggi miei.

Elmira
Abbi orror dell’impresa.

Erenice
Pensa, che quello è padre, e figlio sei. Cedi per questo seno
Dove fosti prodotto,
e cedi al pianto avanzo di quel sangue
che la vita ti diè.

Argone
Corso è l’impegno
(Vuol partire)

Erenice
Ferma, inumano! Barbaro, mostro, ingrato, vanne a bever del padre il regio sangue,
ma pria t’arresta,
e della madre esangue
col sacrilego piede il sen calpesta.

Argone (Recitativo versione A)
(Ahi! qual’orror mi prende?)

Elmira
(Già sente il suo rimorso)

Erenice
Sostienne pur l’impegno
Disprezza il tuo rimorso Il mio cordoglio
Premi calpesta sì…

Argone
(Mi scoppia il core)

Elmira
Par che desti pietade il suo dolore.

Argone (Recitativo versione B)
Ahi, quall’orror mi prende?)

Elmira
(Già sente il suo rimorso)

Coro militare
Alla strage, alla morte! alla vittoria!
pronti siam tutti
a secondar tua gloria. Alla strage, alla morte!

Recitativo Argone
Ma chi ritorna in vita
I miei spirti smarriti? Che sveglia il mio furor? Fidi compagni miei
A voi ne volo. Addio, Regina. Impegno, vuol ch’oggi mi procuri, o morte
(Corre via)
o regno.

Erenice
Ah! Ferma, o figlio, o sorte Madre infelice,
ah! Misero consorte.

Aria di Erenice
Due parti del core
tra ‘l figlio e ‘l consorte
Natura ed amore nel petto mi fa; Chi dunque la palma
Ottien di più forte Gran parte dell’alma Costar mi dovrà.
Due parti, etc.

Scena Undicesima Elmira sola.

Recitativo Elmira
Oh Diva Hecate,
sian d’effetto vuoti i tuoi presagi,
e fa ch’il regio sangue
non rechi funesta a noi la pace fia tua gloria maggior
l’esser mendace.

Aria di Elmira
Dite pace,
e fulminate, crudi Cieli!
Or che farete quando guerra A noi direte, Crudi cieli!
Che sarà se vi sdegnate, stelle fiere, se placate così rigide voi siete.
Dite pace, etc.
Atto secondo

Scena Prima Sala regia.

Larghetto di Elmira Padre, germano, e sposo Di voi chi vincerà
Dagli occhi mi terrà un pianto amaro!

Scena Seconda Elmira, ed Erenice.

Recitativo Erenice
Ebben dall’alta torre, che scorgesti, oh figlia?

Elmira
Primiero alla sortita
vidi opporsi Sosarme e i suoi guerrieri, indi la polve e ‘l fumo
confusero i miei sguardi,
ed a qual parte pendesse la vittoria discerner non potei nel dubbio marte.

Erenice
Oh Ciel? che infausta gloria porterà il vincitor….
Sinfonia con Trombe Oboi ed Archi Recitativo
Erenice
Ma, oh Dei!
ritorna il figlio trionfante!
Ah! con quai occhi Elmira rivedremo in Argone un parricida?

Scena Terza
Erenice, Elmira, Argone con spada nuda insaguinata, e seguito.

Recitativo Argone
Madre, germana…

Erenice
Pria che posi il piede in queste soglie,
dimmi, di qual sangue marchiato a noi ritorni?

Argone
E’ sangue regio questo di cui tinto è ‘l mio ferro.

Erenice, Elmira Vanne, mostro spietato, empio, funesto!

Argone
Ma, è sangue di Sosarme, ei sulla porta….

Erenice
Non più, taci, non più!

Elmira
Madre, son morta!
(viene in braccio d’Erenice)

Erenice
Figlia!
(ad Argone)
In un giorno solo sacrilego hai svena to tre congiunti,
un col ferro,
e due col duolo.

Argone
Primiero alla sortita, s’oppose…

Erenice
E tu, crudele, non rispetti una vita che per opra d’amore
della germana tua vive nel core?

Argone
Egli all’impeto nostro fu il primo…

Erenice
Taci!

Argone
Ah Madre…

Erenice
Taci;
ho vergogna aver per figlio un mostro!

Duetto Erenice e Argone Argone
Se m’ascolti.
Erenice
E udir potrei?
Argone
Ti dirò
Erenice
Direi che sei
un spietato, traditor.
Erenice Sì direi Argone
Dirò se m’odi
Erenice
Ch’hai spezzato i dolci nodi, e del sangue, e dell’amor Argone
Se m’ascolti, etc.
Erenice
E udir potei? Etc.

Scena Quarta Padiglione reale interno Haliate ed Altomaro

Recitativo Altomaro Mio re,
l’ultimo sforzo,
e disperato fu questo del tuo figlio.

Haliate
Però, sortì per lui
Sì fortunato ch’oggi a me converrà cangiar consiglio.

Scena Quinta
Melo con Ufficiali, e detti.

Recitativo Melo
Padre, Signor!

Haliate
Che fia?

Melo
Ecco tumultuante le Media ora richiede in libertà Sosarme,
a me ricusa obbedienza, e fede.

Altomaro
Opra è questa di Melo.
Haliate
Fu castigo, e non dono, il darmi irate stelle
due successori al trono. Empio l’uno, e ribelle m’oltraggia e mi deride;
e l’altro, oh Dei! s’oppone ai furor miei, perché l’ingrato vuol ch’io resti schernito, e invendicato.

Melo
Io goder de’ tuoi schemi?
e qual vendetta puoi più nobile inventar quanto il perdono?

Altomaro
Debellar i superbi è virtù regia…

Haliate
Taci! Ah! che l’amore fa cangiar di consiglio;
l’offeso son, ma l’offensor è un figlio. Altomar, vanne in Sardi.
Ah! il cor si sface!
offri pure ad Argone accordi e pace.

Aria di Haliate
Se discordia ci disciolse pace unirci oggi saprà. Nel nemico disarmato
Stringa il padre un figlio amato
E se l’ira me lo tolse, me lo renda la p ietà. Se discordia, etc.

Scena Sesta Altomaro, e Melo.

Recitativo Altomaro
E così tu disprezzi la tua propria grandezza?

Melo
Detestabil grandezza,
che si fonda sulle ruine altrui colla perfidia.
Altomaro
Bella perfidia,
se ti porta al regno: a tuo dispetto io vo’,

Melo
S’oppon mio zelo:
so che più dell’inferno ha forza il Cielo.

Aria di Melo
So ch’il Ciel ben spesso gode far cader l’indegna frode
su l’autor che l’inventò; Come s’alza orrido nembo,
poi si scioglie e cade in grembo di quel sol che lo formò.
So ch’il Ciel, etc.

Scena Settima Altomaro solo.

Recitativo Altomaro
Quanto più Melo ha sdegno, alla propria grandezza
io più m’invoglio di sollevano al soglio; e già mio genio e’ divenuto impegno.

Aria di Altomaro
Sento il cor che lieto gode di trovar sì bella frode
per chi ancor la disprezzò.
S’alzi pur orrido nembo di tempeste, core in grembo sosterrà ciò che formò. Sento il cor, etc.

Scena Ottava Fonderia Reale
Sosarme adagiato sopra un letto di riposo; Elmira che gli medica la ferita.

Recitativo Elmira
Grazie al Ceilo,
Signor lieve fu il danno E pur credetti, o pena! Ah sposo amato,
che da me ti togliesse, iniquo fato!

Sosarme
Nel vederti, oh mia cara! Io mi scordo ogni affanno
Ma di pietà fatto ministro amore
Sana la mano e più m’impiaga Il core.

Elmira
Con sì bella ferita, caro, mi dai la vita,
ma coll’altra che impresse il barbaro germano, oh Dei,
quest’alma già credendoti ucciso volea seguirti e alla novella rea rimasi esangue il volto,
e chiusi il ciglio.

Sosarme
E un sì lieve periglio
ha per mercè felicità sì rara?
Mie felici ferite se da beltà sì cara meritate esser piante e compatite.

Elmira
Un sì dolce contento, rivederti, oh sposo, al mio core amoroso
men costar non potea, che un svenimento.

Duetto
Sosarme ed Elmira
Per le porte del tormento passan l’anime a gioir.
Sta ‘l contento del cordoglio sul confine,
Non v’è rosa senza spine
né piacer senza martir. Per le porte, etc.

Scena Nona Erenice, e detti.

Recitativo Erenice
Signor, tuo regio sangue
di Bellona smorzò l’infausta face.
Sosarme
Come, Regina?

Erenice
Haliate spiega candida insegna, e messaggieri invia.

Elmira
Che fausto avviso!

Sosarme
Io la sventura mia sempre più benedico.

Erenice
S’oggi smorzasti l’ire, Prence, e col tuo periglio disponesti alla pace il genitore;
a terminarlo adesso induci ‘l figlio.

Elmira
Sposo, per quell’amor.

Sosarme
Deh taci, Elmira; dover, amor, giustizia, è sol mia guida,
prigionier volontario venni qui in Sardi a questo solo oggetto io fui
ch’alla sortita primier m’opposi, e mi sortì l’effetto.
Userò con Argone prieghi,
ragion, caute minaccie;
il Cielo assiste a giusta impresa.

Elmira, Erenice
Accompagnino i Numi il tuo gran zelo!
(Erenice e Elmira partono)

Aria di Sosarme
Alle sfere della gloria alza i vanni un nobil cor; Pugna, suda e alla vittoria Gli è sol stimolo l’onor. Alle sfere, etc.
Scena Decima
Camera d’udienza con trono Argone e Sosarme.

Recitativo Sosarme
Son tuo congiunto.

Argone
A me venisti armato.

Sosarme
Argone amato,
sappi che col tuo genitore
la tua ragione sempre sostenni, e sappi che la mia prigionia
è la sola cagione
ch’alla pace dispone il Re tuo padre ch’Altomaro, messaggiero a te t’invia, che vuoi più?
Lo gradisci?

Argone
Olà, che venga
(Un ufficiale va ad incontrar Altomaro)

Sosarme
La pace sdegnerai?

Argone
S’a me non toglie
ciò che mi diede la natura,
il cielo, la pace io non ricuso,
e pronto sono, piegarmi al padre, e dimandar perdono.
(In questo punto entrano Erenice ed Elmira)

Scena Undicesima
Erenice, ed Elmira, poi Altomaro.

Erenice
A queste voci, io riconosco il figlio.

Elmira
In questi accenti, il mio german ritrovo.

Sosarme
Con questi sensi il mio cognato
abbraccio…

Argone
Madre, Prince, sorella! Al sen v’allaccio.
(S’abbraccian, quando e ntra Altomaro) (ad Altomaro)
A noi dimmi,
che porti pace, oppur guerra?

Altomaro
E pace e guerra insieme.

Erenice
Come?

Argone
Ti spiega.

Altomaro
Haliate freme che de’ sudditi il sangue si sparga,
ed or gli piace a’ suoi cari vassalli offrir la pace, ma con te, suo figliuolo, brama l’alte contese terminare in duello, a solo, a solo.
(Argone resta sospeso)

Sosarme
Che sento!

Elmira
O Ciel, che orror!

Erenice
Questa è la pace?
No, che non è capace di tanta rabbia Il cor d’un padre
E puote Altomaro portar sì rea diffida?

Altomaro
Io servo il mio regnante…

Erenice
Anima infida questo è servir?

Altomaro
Argone, ei t’assicura
d’ogni insulto dai suoi;
sarà sua cura farti il campo allestir, tu scegli l’ora.

Argone
Non ammette dimora il mio coraggio ad accettar l’invito,
dì ch’il campo prepari,
e che fra poco ivi sarò.
E già che in lui sbandito è di padre l’affetto,
sbandirò anch’io di figlio ogni rispetto.
(Parte Argone da una parte, ed Altomaro dall’altra)

Scena Dodicesima
Erenice, Sosarme ed Elmira.

Recitativo Erenice
Oh Dei! pria che succeda
così enorme sciagura
il consorte real m’ascolti, e veda. A te invitto Sosarme,
mentre al campo m’invio, il figlio raccomando.

Sosarme
Vanne non dubitar opra, e confida.
T’assista il Ciel, Reina.

Elmira
Madre!

Elmira, Sosarme, Erenice Addio!

Aria di Erenice
Vado, vado al campo
a combatter col pianto,
col pianto l’ira insana d’un fier genitor.
Tu qui resta, ed opponi frattanto il tuo zelo d’un figlio al furor.
Vado, vado al campo, etc.

Scena Tredicesima Sosarme, ed Elmira.
Recitativo Elmira
Mio sposo, ahi qual orror,
mi scorre per le vene,
in qual periglio vedo il germano, e veggio il genitore.

Sosarme
Ti consola mio bene,
m’opporò al figlio irato non dubirar, lo renderò placato,
e poi con dolce calma ti stringerà quest’alma e in sospirata pace
splenderà d’Imeneo la bella face.

Aria di Sosarme In mille dolci modi al sen ti stringerò.
Rinnoverò quei nodi
che amor in noi formò,
e del tuo bella lode ogn’or celebrerò.

Scena Quattordicesima Elmira sola

Recitativo Elmira
Parmi ch’un dolce raggio
di bella speme ora rischiari l’alma. Sì ch’al fine la palma,
su quel core sdegnato,
riporterà la madre e ‘l sposo amato, ed il german, che l’ira or rende infido,
mosso dal sangue e da un filiale amore ritornerà qual augelletto al nido.

Aria di Elmira
Vola l’augello del caro nido, ma sempre fido a quel ritorna la cara sua per consolar.
La tigre ancora se mai s’accora, scorda fierezza
quando il suo sangue vuol riamar. Vola l’augello, etc.

Scena prima

Atto Terzo

Sobborghi di Sardi, con tende militari in lontananza Haliate, Melo ed Altomaro, con seguito.

Sinfonia

Recitativo Altomaro
Mi segue la Regina, aiuto, o frodi!

Haliate
Accetta il figlio il mio cortese invito?

Altomaro
Ah! Sire, inorridite, tacer io pur vorrei….

Haliate
Sdegna forse la pace?

Melo
(Oh! Cielo!)

Altomaro
Oh Dei!

Haliate
Da me sprezza l’indegno pace e perdon?

Altomaro
Non sol la pace ha a sdegno, ma oh! Dei! nol posso dir… barbara sorte!

Haliate
Che pretende di più?

Altomaro
Vuol la tua morte, desia l’alte contese,
decider teco in singolar duello.

Melo
Inorridisco!

Haliate
Ah! crudo mostro!
il sangue brama versar, ch’a lui la vita diede?

Altomaro
La tua crudel consorte
indusse il figlio a diffidarti morte.

Melo
Possibile?!

Haliate
Empia donna!

Altomaro
Ella qui viene con van pretesti a infastidir l’udito.

Haliate
Giudice troverammi, e non marito.

Scena Seconda Erenice e detti.

Recitativo Altomaro Ella giunge.

Erenice
Consorte…

Haliate
Olà? s’arresti
Erenice
Barbaro, e qual consiglio?…

Haliate
A te sia cura Melo di custodirla.

Erenice
Come? Ascolta….

Haliate
Vedrai nello steccato
O ‘l tuo consorte o ‘l figlio tuo svenato.

Aria di Haliate
S’io cadrò per tuo consiglio resti il figlio,
tuo rimorso e tuo spavento. S’ei cadrà trofeo di morte,
il consorte resterà per tuo tormento. S’io cadrò, etc.

Scena Terza
Erenice, Melo e guardie.

Recitativo Erenice
Melo, dov’e ‘l tuo zelo? La tua Virtù?
Per impedir l’eccesso d’enormità……

Melo
Pronto col sangue istesso, vorrei estinguer
del padre e del germano il reo furor. Ma pur se fu consiglio di te consorte insieme e genitrice,
che in singolar duello il padre e ‘l figlio…

Erenice
Mio consiglio ciò fu? Mente chi ‘l dice.
Mentre araldo di pace, Altomaro s’attende porta disfida.

Melo
(Ah traditor mendace!) Non più, Regina, intesi.
Alle mie tende questa squadra
(accenna alla guardie di servirla)
sommessa a te si guida: in mia virtù,
ma più nel Ciel confida.

Aria di Erenice
Cuor di madre e cuor di moglie, chi t’invola, chi ti toglie
la tua pace, la tua speme? Un reo figlio,
un reo consorte,
un amor ch’è troppo forte un amor che troppo teme! Cuor di madre, etc.

Scena Quarta Melo solo.

Recitativo Melo
A deluder le frodi, io mi preparo,
del perfido Altomaro, se Heliate consente
che in sua vece col germano
io combatta, getterò, il crudo acciaro ed al germano con i lacci più dolci
e i più tenaci, darò in vece di piaghe, amplessi e baci.

Aria di Melo Sincero affetto Dolci preghiere un cor sdegnato Puonno placar. Core nel petto
Mi dier le sfere di virtù Armato per trionfar.
Sincero affetto, etc.

Scena Quinta
Argone seguito da un ufficiale con due spade.

Recitativo Argone
Per la segreta porta del real giardino,
usciam nel campo. Sforzano il cuore,
a sostener l’impegno,
gran desio di vendetta e amor di regno.
(Mentre vuol partire, Elmira d’una parte, e Sosarme dall’altra lo trattengono).

Scena Sesta
Elmira, Sosarme ed Argone.

Elmira
E amor di figlio?

Argone
Un padre reo l’estinse.

Sosarme
E il rispetto?

Argone
Lo vinse l’altrui rabbia funesta. Addio.
(parte infuriato)

Sosarme
Ferma!

Elmira
T’arresta.

Scena Settima Sosarme, ed Elmira.

Recitativo Elmira
Fermati, ingrato!

Sosarme
Ah! mostro.

Elmira
Che faremo mio sposo?

Sosarme
Elmira,
in campo per quella stessa porta seguirà la sua rabbia il zelo mio.
Elmira
Va pur, caro; a momenti ti seguirò, e sarò teco anch’io.

Aria di Sosarme M’opporrò da generoso all’indegna orrida impresa, del furor la fiamma accesa
col mio sangue io vo’ smorzar. Tu ben datti riposo,
spera pur, serena il ciglio,
mostra il Cielo un gran periglio, ma vuol poi fulminar.
M’opporrò, etc.

Scena Ottava Elmira sola.

Recitativo Elmira
Correte pur a fiumi amare lacrime nel comune periglio. Ma no, d’un nobile core,
si risvegli l’ardore, corriam col nostro petto a far scudo;
al furor trionfi affetto.

Aria di Elmira
Vorrei, nè pur saprei
che la speme nel mio core discacciasse ogni timore,
Saprà chi goderà
viene il bene dopo il danno, non v’è gioia senz’affanno. Soffrir, e ancor languir, questi solo fanno avere condimento a ogni piacere. Vorrei, etc.

Scena Nona
Campo destinato per il duello.
Haliate, Altomaro con due spade, e Melo.

Recitativo Haliate Altomaro,
si renda libero lo steccato e de’ soldati miei
alcun non sia che d’opporsi
pretenda al furore d’Argone all’ira mia.

Altomaro
Tanto s’eseguirà,
me tuo padrino contro quello d’Argone ardito avrai, poi col nome di giusto, colla fama di forte,
qual campion pien di gloria ornato andrai.

Aria di Altomaro
Tiene Giove in mano il folgore gl’empi sol per fulminar.
A te diede ancor
il Cielo regio scettro
e questo il tuo figlio reo per castigar.
Tiene Giove, etc.

Scena Decima Haliate, e Melo.

Recitativo Melo
Ah Padre! eccoti al piede un figlio supplicante. (s’inginocchia)

Haliate
Io già te ‘l dissi, sorgi, non sarà ver che tu
‘l piacer m’usurpi d’una giusta vendetta. Parti, farla a me solo ora s’aspetta.

Scena Undicesima Altomaro con due spade.
Haliate, poi Argone con un ufficiale che porta due altre spade.

Recitativo Altomaro
Signor, qui giunge Argone.

Argone
Haliate, or vedi come…
Haliate
Perfido: per vergogna atterra il ciglio,
se sdegni proferir di padre il nome ora vedrai…

Altomaro
Lascia al più frale sesso contrastar
colla lingua, alma reale si difenda col ferro. Argone prendi!
(presenta la spada ad Argone, mente l’ufficiale ne presenta un’altra ad Haliate che si pone in guardia, e iniziano a tirar di spada)
Scena Dodicesima Recitativo
Melo
Oh padre!
(ad Haliate)

Erenice
(Ad Argone)
Ah! Figlio mio!

Haliate
Oh Melo!

Argone
Oh Madre!

Melo, Erenice, Argone, Haliate
Oh Dio!

Altomaro
(È scoperta la frode, io son spedito!)
(Fugge via, ed erenice passa dalla parte di Haliate, e Melo a quella di Argone) Erenice
Vedi quello è tuo sangue, e lo spargesti.

Melo
Quel sangue ti dié vita, e tu ‘l versasti.

Haliate
Incauta mano!
Argone
Disgraziato acciaro!
(Gettano via le spade, e restano sospesi)

Haliate
(ad Erenice)
Ma perché desti al figlio, sì barbaro consiglio?

Erenice
Come?

Haliate
Perdono, e pace.
allor ch’offro al fellon tu più l’irriti?

Melo
Padre, germano,
oh Ciel foste traditi.

Erenice
Altomaro,
in tuo nome portò disfida al figlio
e non perdono.

Haliate
Come disfida? Come?

Scena Ultima
Entrano Sosarme, Elmira e detti.

Elmira
Io fui presente.

Sosarme
Io testimone sono,
ma per prova maggiore,
in questo punto ricontrando Altomaro vicino al fiume torbido in volto
egli esclamò
vinceste Cieli perversi; or le mie inique frodi lavi quest’onda,
anzi ‘l mio sangue, e tratto il ferro,
se l’immerse nel seno,
e pien d’un berbaro desio, indi nell’acque
ci si lanciò e vi morì.

Argone (S’inginocchia) Mio Re!
Che padre ancor dirti non oso, eccoti al piede il reo,
ordina la mia pena io non ho core
da viver più nemico al genitore.

Haliate
Figlio, smorza ogni sdegno, il tuo bel pianto,
sorgi e ricevi intanto
in questo amplesso mio, pace, e perdono, e in questo bacio ogni ragione al trono.

Elmira
Si spezza il cor.

Sosarme
Piange per gio ia il ciglio.

Erenice
Oh mio consorte! oh figlio.

Duetto Elmira e Sosarme Elmira
Tu caro,
caro sei il dolce mio tesoro,
e sai perché? Tu caro, caro sei il dolce mio consorte, e sai perché?
Sosarme
Sì, sì, cara,
perché il mio ben t’adoro, sei la mia fe’. per gli affetti miei
estinguer mai potrei, e sai perché?
Elmira
Sì, sì, caro, perchè Il mio gran martiro fedel ti fe’.
Elmira e Sosarme
D’un alma amante
Fe’ più costante mai si vedè.
Elmira
T’abbraccio in questo seno
Sia eterno amore nel nostro core Per te.
Sosarme
Di gioia io vengo meno
Sia eterno amore nel nostro core Per te.
Elmira
Tu caro, etc.
Sosarme
Sì, sì, etc.

Recitativo Sosarme
Fugga da questo suol Per sempre alletto, ed alberghi pace
e amor d’ognuno in petto.

Coro
Dopo l’ire sì funeste, dell’amore splenda la face. Che le stelle più moleste Tra gli orror delle tempeste Fatte son iri di pace.
Dopo l’ire, etc.

Handel, “Samson” (1743)

 

Handel, “Samson” (1743)

Handel composed Samson right after finishing Messiah. Both oratorios were composed at a furious pace.

The libretto (see below) was by Newburgh Hamilton, who based it on Milton’s poem Samson Agonistes, which in turn was based on the figure Samson in Chapter 16 of the Old Testament Book of Judges.

I think Samson is almost equal, if not equal, to Messiah. It is a splendid work; there is such magnificent music and genuine feeling in it.

 

See also:

Handel’s “Samson”

 

*****************************************************

Libretto

Samson, HWV 57
Oratorio in tre atti
Musica di George Frideric Handel
Libretto di Newburgh Hamilton
Prima esecuzione: Londra, Covent Garden, 18 Febbario 1743
Personaggi:

Samson (tenore)
Dalila, Wife of Samson (soprano)
Micah, Friend to Samson (alto)
Manoah, Father to Samson (basso)
Harapha, a Giant (basso)
Philistine Woman, Attendant to Dalila (soprano)
Israelitish Woman (soprano)
Philistine (tenore)
Israelitish Man (tenore)
Messenger (tenore)
Chorus of Israelites
Chorus of Philistines
Chorus of Virgins

 

Testo del libretto

ACT ONE

1. Overture

Scene 1
Before the Prison in Gaza. Samson, blind and in chains.
Chorus of the Priests of Dagon, celebrating his festival.

2. Recitative

Samson
This day, a solemn feast to Dagon held,
Relieves me from my task of servile toil;
Unwillingly their superstition yields
This rest, to breathe heav’n’s air, fresh blowing,
Pure and sweet.

3a. Chorus of Philistines
Awake the trumpet’s lofty sound!
The joyful sacred festival comes round,
When Dagon king of all the earth is crown’d.

4. Air

Philistine Woman
Ye men of Gaza, hither bring
The merry pipe and pleasing string,
The solemn hymn, and cheerfuI song;
Be Dagon prais’d by ev’ry tongue!

3b. Chorus of Philistines
Awake the trumpet’s lofty sound!
The joyful sacred festival comes round,
When Dagon king of all the earth is crown’d.

5. Air

Philistine
Loud as the thunder’s awful voice,
In notes of triumph, notes of praise,
So high great Dagon’s name we’ll raise:
That heav’n and earth may hear how we rejoice!

6. Air

Philistine Woman
Then free from sorrow, free from thrall,
All blithe and gay,
With sports and play,
We’ll celebrate his festival.

3c. Chorus of Philistines
Awake the trumpet’s lofty sound!
The joyful sacred festival comes round,
When Dagon king of all the earth is crown’d.

7. Recitative

Samson
Why by an angel was my birth foretold,
As in a fiery column ascending
From off the altar, in my parents’ sight?
As of a person separate to God?
If I must die, betray’d and captiv’d thus,
The scorn and gaze of foes? Oh, cruel thought!
My griefs find no redress! They inward prey,
Like gangren’d wounds, immedicable grown.

8. Air

Samson
Torments, alas, are not confin’d
To heart, or head, or breast!
But will a secret passage find
Into the very inmost mind,
With pains intense opprest,
That rob the soul itself of rest.

Scene 2
Enter Micah and Israelites, observing Samson.

9. Recitative

Micah
(apart)
Oh, change beyond report, thought, or belief!
See, how he lies with languish’d head, unpropt,
Abandon’d, past all hope! Can this be he,
Heroic Samson, whom no strength of man,
Nor fury of the fiercest beast could quell?
Who tore the lion, as the lion tears the kid,
Ran weaponless on armies clad in iron,
Useless the temper’d steel, or coat of mail.

10. Air

Micah
Oh, mirror of our fickle state!
In birth, in strength, in deeds how great!
From highest glory fall’n so low,
Sunk in the deep abyss of woe!

11. Recitative

Samson
(apart)
Whom have I to complain of but myself,
Who Heav’n’s great trust could not in silence keep,
But weakly to a woman must reveal it!
Oh, glorious strength! Oh, impotence of mind!
But without wisdom, what does strength avail?
Proudly secure, yet liable to fall?
God (when he gave it) hung it in my hair,
To show how slight the gift. – But, peace, my soul!
Strength was my bane, the source of all my woes,
Each told apart would ask a life to wail.

Micah
(to Samson)
Matchless in might! once Israel ‘s glory, now her grief!
Welcome, thy friends well known, to visit thee!

Samson
Welcome, my friends! Experience teaches now,
How counterfeit the coin of friendship is,
That’s only in the superscription shown.
In the warm sunshine of our prosp’rous days,
Friends swarm; but in the winter of adversity,
Draw in their heads; though sought, not to be found.

Micah
Which shall we first bewail,
Thy bondage, or lost sight?

Samson
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain!
Oh, worse than beggary, old age, or chains!
My very soul in real darkness dwells!

12. Air

Samson
Total eclipse! No sun, no moon!
All dark amidst the blaze of noon!
Oh, glorious light! No cheering ray
To glad my eyes with welcome day!
Why thus depriv’d Thy prime decree?
Sun, moon, and stars are dark to me!

13. Accompagnato

Micah
Since light so necessary is to life
That in the soul ’tis almost life itself,
Why to the tender eyes is sight confin’d,
So obvious and so easy to be quench’d;
Why not as feelings through all parts diffus’d,
That we might look at will through every pore?

14. Chorus of Israelites
O first created beam! And thou great word!
“Let there be light!” – And light was over all,
One heav’nly blaze shone round this earthly ball.
To thy dark servant, life, by light afford!

15. Recitative

Samson
Ye see, my friends, how woes enclose me round.
But had I sight, how could I heave my head
For shame? Thus, for a word, or tear, divulge
To a false woman God’s most secret gift,
And then be sung, or proverb’d for a fool!

Micah
The wisest men have err’d, and been deceiv’d
By female arts. Deject not then thyself,
Who hast of griefs a load: yet men will ask,
Why did not Samson rather wed at home?
In his own tribe are fairer, or as fair.

Samson
Oh that I had! Alas, fond wish, too late!
That specious monster, Dalila, my snare!
Myself the cause, who vanquish’d by her tears,
Gave up my fort of silence to a woman.

Micah
Here comes thy rev’rend sire, old Manoah,
With careful steps, and locks as white as down.

Samson
Alas! Another grief that name awakes.

Scene 3
Enter Manoah.

Manoah
Brethren and men of Dan, say, where is my son,
Samson, fond Israel’s boast? Inform my age!

Micah
As signal now in low dejected state,
As in the height of pow’r. – See, where he lies!

16. Accompagnato

Manoah
Oh, miserable change! Is this the man,
Renown’d afar, the dread of IsraeI’s foes?
Who with an angeI’s strength their armies duell’d,
Himself an army! – Now unequal match
To guard his breast against the coward’s spear!

17. Recitative

Israelitish Man
Oh, ever failing trust in mortal strength!
And oh, what not deceivable and vain in man!

18. Air

Israelitish Man
God of our fathers, what is man?
So proud, so vain, so great in story!
His fame a blast, his life a span,
A bubble at the height of glory!
Oft he that is exalted high,
Unseemly falls in human eye.

19. Accompagnato

Manoah
The good we wish for, often proves our bane.
I pray’d for children, and I gain’d a son,
And such a son, as all men hail’d me happy.
But who’d be now a father in my stead?
The blessing drew a scorpion’s tail behind;
This plant (select and sacred for awhile,
The miracle of all!) was in one hour
Ensnar’d, assaulted, overcome, led bound,
His foes’ derision, captive, poor, and blind!

20. Air

Manoah
Thy glorious deeds inspir’d my tongue,
Whilst airs of joy from thence did flow.
To sorrows now I tune my song,
And set my harp to notes of woe.

21. Recitative

Samson
Justly these evils have befalI’n thy son;
Sole author I, sole cause, who have profan’d
The mysteries of God; by me betray’d
To faithless parlies, feminine assaults!
To the false fair I yielded all my heart;
So far effeminacy held me yok’d
Her slave. Oh, foul indignity, oh blot
To honour and to arms!

Manoah
Worse yet remains.
This day they celebrate with pomps and sports,
And sacrifice to Dagon, idol God,
Who gave thee bound and blind into their hands;
Thus is he magnified, the living God
Blasphem’d and scorn’d by that idolatrous rout.

Samson
This have I done, this pomp, this honour brought
To idol Dagon; but to Israel shame,
And our true God disgrace.

22. Accompagnato

Samson
My griefs for this
Forbid mine eyes to close, or thoughts to rest.
But now the strife shall end: me overthrown,
Dagon presumes to enter lists with God,
Who, thus provok’d, will not convive, but rouse
His fury soon, and his great name assert;
Dagon shall stoop, ere long be quite despoil’d
Of all those boasted trophies won on me.

23. Air

Samson
Why does the God of lsrael sleep?
Arise with dreadful sound,
And clouds encompass’d round!
Then shall the heathen hear thy thunder deep.
The tempest of thy wrath now raise,
In whirlwinds them pursue,
Full fraught with vengeance due,
Till shame and trouble all thy foes shall seize!

24. Recitative

Micah
There lies our hope! True prophet may’st thou be,
That God may vindicate his glorious name;
Nor let us doubt whether God is Lord, or Dagon.

25. Chorus of Israelites
Then shall they know, that He whose name
Jehovah is alone,
O’er all the earth but One,
Was ever the Most High, and still the same.

26. Recitative

Manoah
For thee, my dearest son, must thou meanwhile
Lie, thus neglected, in this loathsome plight?

Samson
It should be so, to expiate my crime,
If possible. Shameful gratuity!
Had I reveal’d the secret of a friend,
Most heinous that! But impiously to blast
God’s counsel, is a sin without a name!

Manoah
Be for thy fate contrite: but oh, my son,
To high disposal leave the forfeit due.
God may relent, and quit thee all his debt;
Reject not then the offer’d means of life.
Already have I treated with some lords,
To ransom thee. Revenge is sated now,
To see thee thus who cannot harm them more.

Samson
Why should I live?
Soon shall these orbs to double darkness yield.

27. Accompagnato

Samson
My genial spirits droop, my hopes are fled;
Nature in me seems weary of herself;
My race of glory run, and race of shame:
Death, invocated oft, shall end my pains,
And lay me gently down with them that rest.

28. Recitative (air)

Micah
Then long eternity shall greet your bliss;
No more of earthly joys, so false and vain!

29. Air

Micah
Joys that are pure, sincerely good,
Shall then o’ertake you as a flood:
Where truth and peace do ever shine,
With love that’s perfectly divine.

30. Chorus of Israelites
Then round about the starry throne
Of Him who ever rules alone,
Your heav’nly-guided soul shall climb:
Of all this earthly grossness quit,
With glory crown’d, for ever sit,
And triumph over death, and thee, O Time!

 

ACT TWO

Scene 1

Samson, Manoah, Micah, and Israelites.

 

31. Recitative

Manoah
Despair not thus! You once were God’s delight,
His destin’d from the womb, by him led on
To deeds above the nerve of mortal arm.
Under his eye abstemious you grew up,
Nor did the dancing ruby, sparkling, outpour’d,
Allure you from the cool crystalline stream.

Samson
Where’er the liquid brook or fountain flow’d,
I drank, nor envy’d man the cheering grape.
But what availed this temp’rance, not complete
Against another object more enticing?
I laid my strength in lust’s lascivious lap.

Manoah
Trust yet in God! Thy father’s timely care
Shall prosecute the means to free thee hence;
Meantime, all healing words from these thy friends admit.

32. Air

Manoah
Just are the ways of God to man,
Let none his secret actions scan;
For all is best, though oft we doubt,
Of what his wisdom brings about.
Still his unsearchable dispose
Blesses the righteous in the close.

33. Recitative

Samson
My evils hopeless are! One pray’r remains,
A speedy death, to close my miseries.

Micah
Relieve Thy champion, image of Thy strength,
And turn his labours to a peaceful end!

34. Air and Chorus

Micah
Return, O God of hosts! Behold
Thy servant in distress,
His mighty griefs redress,
Nor by the heathen be it told.

Israelites
To dust his glory they would tread,
And number him amongst the dead.

Scene 2
Samson, Micah. Enter Dalila, attended by her Virgins.

35. Recitative

Micah
But who is this, that so bedeck’d and gay,
Comes this way sailing like a stately ship?
With all her streamers waving in the winds,
An odorous perfume her harbinger,
A damsel train behind. – ‘Tis Dalila, thy wife.

Samson
My wife, my traitress? Let her not come near me!

Micah
She stands, and eyes thee fix’d, with head declin’d.
Like a fair flow’r surcharg’d with dew, she weeps;
Her words address’d to thee, seem tears dissolv’d,
Wetting the borders of her silken veil.

Dalila
With doubtful feet, and wav’ring resolution,
I come, O Samson, dreading thy displeasure;
But conjugal affection led me on,
Prevailing over fear and tim’rous doubt,
Glad if in aught my help or love could serve,
To expiate my rash, unthought misdeed.

Samson
Out, thou hyæna! ‘Twas malice brought thee here!
These are the arts of women false like thee,
To break all vows, repent, deceive, submit,
Then with instructed skill again transgress.
The wisest men have met such bosom snakes,
BeguiI’d like me, to ages an example.

Dalila
I would not lessen my offence, yet beg
To weigh it by itself. What is it then
But curiosity? A small female fault,
Greedy of secrets, but to publish them.
Why would you trust a woman’s frailty then,
And to her importunity your strength?
A mutual weakness mutual pardon claims.

Samson
How cunningly the sorceress displays
Her own transgressions, to upbraid me mine!
I to myself was false, ere thou to me;
Bitter reproach, but true! The pardon, then,
I to my folly give, take thou to thine!

36. Air

Philistine Woman / Dalila
With plaintive notes and am’rous moan,
Thus coos the turtle left alone.
Like her / me, averse to each delight,
She wears the tedious widow’d night:
But when her absent mate returns,
With doubled raptures then she burns.

37. Recitative

Dalila
Alas! Th’event was worse than I foresaw:
Fearless at home of partners in my love,
‘Twas jealousy did prompt to keep you there
Both day and night, love’s pris’ner, wholly mine.

Samson
Did love constrain thee? No, ’twas raging lust!
Love seeks for love; thy treason sought my hate.
In vain you strive to cover shame with shame:
Once join’d to me, though judg’d your country’s foe,
Parents, and all, were in the husband lost.

38. Air

Samson
Your charms to ruin led the way,
My sense deprav’d,
My strength enslavd,
As I did love, you did betray.
How great the curse, how hard my fate
To pass life’s sea with such a mate!

39. Recitative

Dalila
Forgive what’s done, nor think of what’s past cure
From forth this prison-house come home to me,
Where with redoubled love and nursing care,
(To me glad office!) my virgins and myself
Shall tend about thee to extremest age.

40. Air and duet

Dalila
My faith and truth, O Samson, prove,
But hear me, hear the voice of love!
With love no mortal can be cloy’d,
All happiness is love enjoy’d.

Philistine Woman
Her faith and truth, O Samson, prove,
But hear her, hear the voice of love!

41a. Chorus of Virgins

Her faith and truth, O Samson, prove
But hear her, hear the voice of love!

42. Air

Dalila
To fleeting pleasures make your court,
No moment lose, for life is short!
The present now’s our only time
The missing that our only crime.

41b. Chorus repeated

How charming is domestic ease!
A thousand ways I’ll strive to please.
Life is not lost, though lost your sight;
Let other senses taste delight.

41c. Chorus of Virgins
Her faith and truth, oh Samson, prove,
But hear her, hear the voice of love!

43. Recitative

Samson
Ne’er think of that! I know thy warbling charms,
Thy trains, thy wiles, and fair enchanted cup.
Their force is nulI’d; where once I have been caught,
I shun the snare. These chains, this prison-house,
I count the house of liberty to thine.

Dalila
Let me approach, at least, and touch thy hand.

Samson
Not for thy life, lest fierce remembrance wake
My sudden rage to tear thee limb from limb.
At distance I forgive: depart with that.
Now triumph in thy falsehood; so farewell!

Dalila
Thou art more deaf to pray’rs than winds or seas.
Thy anger rages an etemal tempest.
Why should I humbly sue for peace, thus scorn’d,
With infamy upon my name denounc’d?
When in this land I ever shall be held
The first of womankind, living or dead.
My praises shall be sung at solemn feasts,
Who sav’d my country from a fierce destroyer.

44. Duet

Dalila
Traitor to love! I’ll sue no more
For pardon scorn’d, your threats give o’er!
Samson
Traitress to love! I’ll hear no more
The charmer’s voice, your arts give o’er!

Exeunt Dalila and Virgins.

Scene 3
45. Recitative

Micah
She’s gone! A serpent manifest, her sting
Discover’d in the end.

Samson
So let her go!
God sent her here to aggravate my folly.

46. Air

Micah
It is not virtue, valour, wit,
Or comeliness of grace
That woman’s love can truly hit,
Or in her heart claim place.
Still wav’ring where their choice to fix,
Too oft they choose the wrong:
So much self-love does rule the sex,
They nothing else love long.
It is not virtue. . . da capo

47. Recitative

Samson
Favour’d of heaven is he, who finds one true.
How rarely found! – His way to peace is smooth.

48. Chorus of Israelites
To man God’s universal law
Gave pow’r to keep the wife in awe.
Thus shall his life be ne’er dismay’d,
By female usurpation sway’d.

Scene 4

49. Recitative

Micah
No words of peace, no voice enchanting fear,
A rougher tongue expect. Here’s Harapha,
I know him by this stride and haughty look.
Enter Harapha and Philistines.

Harapha
I come not, Samson, to condole thy chance;
I am of Gath, men call me Harapha;
Thou know’st me now. Of thy prodigious might
Much have I heard, incredible to me!
Nor less displeas’d, that never in the field
We met, to try each other’s deeds of strength.
I’d see if thy appearance answers loud report.

Samson
The way to know. were not to see, but taste.

Harapha
Ha! Dost thou then already single me?
I thought that labour and thy chains had tam’d thee.
Had fortune brought me to that field of death,
Where thou wrought’st wonder with an ass’s jaw,
I’d left thy carcass where the ass lay thrown.

Samson
Boast not of what thou would’st have done, but do.

Harapha
The honour certain to have won from thee
I lose, prevented by thy eyes put out;
To combat with a blind man, I disdain.

50. Air

Harapha
Honour and arms scorn such a foe,
Though I could end thee at a blow;
Poor victory,
To conquer thee,
Or glory in thy overthrow!
Vanquish a slave that is half slain:
So mean a triumph I disdain.
Honour and arms. . . da capo

51. Recitative

Samson
Put on your arms, then take for spear
Your weighty weaver’s beam, and come within my reach!

52. Air

Samson
My strength is from the living God,
By Heav’n free-gifted at my birth,
To quell the mighty of the earth,
And prove the brutal tyrant’s rod.
But to the righteous peace and rest,
With liberty to all opprest.

53. Recitative

Harapha
With thee, a man condemn’d, a slave enroll’d,
No worthy match to stain the warrior’s sword!

Samson
Cam’st thou for this, vain boaster? Yet take heed!
My heels are fetter’d, but my hands are free.
Thou bulk of spirit void! I once again,
Blind and in chains, provoke thee to the fight!

Harapha
O Dagon! Can I hear this insolence
To me unus’d, not rend’ring instant death?

54. Duet

Samson
Go, baffled coward, go,
Lest vengeance lay thee low,
In safety fly my wrath with speed!

Harapha
Presume not on thy God,
Who under foot has trod
Thy strength and thee, at greatest need.

55. Recitative

Micah
Here lies the proof: – if Dagon be thy God,
With high devotion invocate his aid,
His glory is concern’d. Let him dissolve
Those magic spells that gave our hero strength;
Then know whose God is God, Dagon, of mortal make,
Or that Great One whom Abra’m’s sons adore.

56. Chorus of Israelites
Hear, Jacob’s God, Jehovah, hear!
Oh, save us, prostrate at thy throne!
Israel depends on thee alone,
Save us, and show that thou art near!

57. Recitative

Harapha
Dagon, arise, attend thy sacred feast!
Thy honour calls, this day admits no rest.

58. Air
A Philistine
To song and dance we give the day,
Which shows thy universal sway.
Protect us by thy mighty hand.
And sweep this race from out the land!
To song and dance. . . da capo

59. Chorus of Philistines
To song and dance we give the day,
Which shows thy universal sway.
Protect us by thy mighty hand.
And sweep this race from out the land!

60. Chorus of Israelites and Philistines
Fix’d in his everlasting seat,
Jehovah / Great Dagon rules the world in state.
His thunder roars, Heav’n shakes, and earth’s aghast,
The stars with deep amaze,
Remain in stedfast gaze.
Jehovah / Great Dagon is of Gods the first and last.

 

ACT THREE

Scene 1

Samson, Micah, Harapha and Chorus of Israelites.

 

61. Recitative

Micah
More trouble is behind, for Harapha
Comes on amain, speed in his steps and look.
Samson
I fear him not, nor all his giant brood.
Enter Harapha.

Harapha
Samson, to thee our lords thus bid me say:
This day to Dagon we do sacrifice
With triumph, pomp, and games; we know, thy strength
Surpasses human race; come then, and show
Some public proof to grace this solemn feast.

Samson
I am an Hebrew, and our law forbids
My presence at their vain religious rites.

Harapha
This answer will offend; regard thyself.

Samson
Myself, my conscience and intemal peace!
Am I so broke with servitude, to yield
To such absurd commands, to be their fool,
And play before their God? – I will not come.

Harapha
My message, giv’n with speed, brooks no delay.

62. Air

Harapha
Presuming slave, to move their wrath!
For mercy sue,
Or vengeance due
Dooms in one fatal word thy death!
Consider, ere it be too late,
To ward th’unerring shaft of fate.

63. Recitative

Micah
Reflect then. Samson, matters now are strain’d
Up to the height, whether to hold, or break.
He’s gone, whose malice may inflame the lords.

Samson
Shall I abuse this consecrated gift
Of strength, again returning with my hair,
By vaunting it in honour to their god
And prostituting holy things to idols?

Micah
How thou wilt here come off surmounts my reach;
‘Tis Heav’n alone can save, both us and thee.

64. Chorus of Israelites
With thunder arm’d, great God, arise!
Help, Lord, or Israel’s champion dies!
To thy protection this thy servant take,
And save, oh, save us for thy servant’s sake!
With thunder arm’d. . . da capo

65. Recitative

Samson
Be of good courage, I begin to feel
Some inward motions, which do bid me go.

Micah
In time thou hast resolv’d, again he comes.
Enter Harapha.

Harapha
Samson, this second summons send our lords:
Haste thee at once; or we shall engines find
To move thee, though thou wert a solid rock.

Samson
Vain were their art if tried, I yield to go,
Not through your streets be like a wild beast trail’d.

Harapha
You thus may win the lords to set you free.

Samson
In nothing I’ll comply that’s scandalous
Or sinful by our law. – Brethren, farewell!
Your kind attendance now, I pray, forbear,
Lest it offend to see me girt with friends.
Expect of me you’ll nothing hear impure,
Unworthy God, my nation, or myself.

Micah
So may’st thou act as serves His glory best.

Samson
Let but that spirit (which first rush’d on me
In the camp of Dan) inspire me at my need:

66. Accompagnato

Samson
Then shall I make Jehovah’s glory known!
Their idol gods shall from his presence fly,
Scatter’d like sheep before the God of hosts.

67. Air

Samson
Thus when the sun from’s wat’ry bed
All curtain’d with a cloudy red,
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave;
The wand’ring shadows ghastly pale,
All troop to their infemal jail
Each fetter’d ghost slips to his sev’ral grave.

68. Accompagnato

Micah
With might endu’d above the sons of men,
Swift as the lightning’s glance His errand execute,
And spread His name amongst the heathen round.

69. Air and Chorus

Micah
The Holy One of Israel be thy guide,
The Angel of thy birth stand by thy side!
To fame immortal go,
Heav’n bids thee strike the blow:
The Holy One of Israel is thy guide.

Israelites
To fame immortal go
Heav’n bids thee strike the blow
The Holy One of Israel is thy guide.

Scene 2
Micah, Manoah, and Chorus of Israelites.

70. Recitative

Micah
Old Manoah, with youthful steps, makes haste
To find his son, or bring us some glad news.

Manoah
I come, my brethren, not to seek my son,
Who at the feast does play before the lords;
But give you part with me, what hopes I have
To work his liberty.

71. Air

Philistine, at a distance
Great Dagon has subdu’d our foe
And brought their boasted hero low:
Sound out his pow’r in notes divine
Praise him with mirth, high cheer and wine.

72. Chorus of Philistines, at a distance
Great Dagon has subdu’d our foe.
And brought their boasted hero low:
Sound out his pow’r in notes divine
Praise him with mirth, high cheer and wine.

73. Recitative

Manoah
What noise of joy was that? It tore the sky.

Micah
They shout and sing, to see their dreaded foe
Now captive, blind, delighting with his strength.

Manoah
Could my inheritance but ransom him,
Without my patrimony, having him
The richest of my tribe.

Micah
Sons care to nurse
Their parents in old age; but you, – your son!

74. Air

Manoah
How willing my paternal love
The weight to share
Of filial care,
And part of sorrow’s burden prove!
Though wand’ring in the shades of night,
Whilst I have eyes he wants no light.

75. Recitative

Micah
Your hopes of his deliv’ry seem not vain,
In which all Israel’s friends participate.

Manoah
I know your friendly minds, and –
A symphony of horror and confusion.
Heav’n! What noise!
Horribly loud, unlike the former shout.

76. Chorus of Philistines, at a distance
Hear us, our God! Oh, hear our cry!
Death, ruin, falI’n, no help is nigh,
Oh mercy, Heav’n, we sink, we die!

77. Recitative

Micah
Noise call you this? An universal groan,
As if the world’s inhabitation perish’d!
Blood, death, and ruin, at their utmost point!

Manoah
Ruin indeed! Oh, they have slain my son!

Micah
Thy son is rather slaying them; that cry
From slaughter of one foe could not ascend.
But see, my friends,
One hither speeds, an Hebrew of our tribe.

Scene 3
Enter a Messenger.

78. Recitative

Messenger
Where shall I run, or which way fly the thoughts
Of this most horrid sight? O countrymen,
You’re in this sad event too much concem’d!

Micah
The accident was loud, we long to know from whence.

Messenger
Let me recover breath; it will burst forth.

Manoah
Tell us the sum, the circumstance defer.

Messenger
Gaza yet stands, but all her sons are falI’n.

Manoah
Sad, not to us! But now relate by whom?

Messenger
By Samson done.

Manoah
The sorrow lessens still,
And nigh converts to joy.

Messenger
O Manoah!
In vain I would refrain; the evil tale
Too soon will rudely pierce thy aged ear.

Manoah
Suspense in news is torture, speak them out!

Messenger
Then take the worst in brief – Samson is dead.

Manoah
The worst indeed! My hopes to free him hence
Are baffled all! But death, who sets all free,
Hath paid his ransom now.

Micah
Yet, ere we give the reins to grief, say first
How died he? Death to life is crown, or shame.

Messenger
Unwounded of his enemies he fell,
At once he did destroy, and was destroy’d;
The edifice, where all were met to see,
Upon their heads, and on his own he pulI’d!

Manoah
Oh, lastly overstrong against thyself!
A dreadful way thou took’st to thy revenge:
Glorious, yet dearly bought!

79. Air and Chorus

Micah
Ye sons of lsrael, now lament,
Your spear is broke, your bow’s unbent.
Your glory’s fled,
Amongst the dead
Great Samson lies,
For ever, ever, clos’d his eyes!

Israelites
Weep, Israel, weep a louder strain;
Samson, your strength, your hero, is slain!

80. Recitative

Manoah
Proceed we hence to find his body
Soak’d in vile Philistine blood; with the pure stream,
And cleansing herbs wash off his clodded gore;
Then solemnly attend him to my tomb
With silent obsequies, and fun’ral train.

81. Symphony: dead march
82. Recitative

Micah
The body comes; we’ll meet it on the way
With laurels ever green, and branching palm;
Then lay it in his monument, hung round
With all his trophies, and great acts enrolI’d
In verse heroic, or sweet lyric song.

Manoah
There shall all IsraeI’s valiant youth resort,
And from his memory inflame their breasts
To matchless valour, whilst they sing his praise.
Enter Israelites with the body of Samson.

83. Air and Chorus

Manoah
Glorious hero, may thy grave
Peace and honour ever have;
After all thy pain and woes
Rest etemal, sweet repose!

Israelites
Glorious hero, may thy grave
Peace and honour ever have!

84. Solo and Chorus

Israelite Woman
The virgins too shall on their feastful days
Visit his tomb with flow’rs, and there bewail
His lot unfortunate in nuptial choice.

Virgins
Bring the laurels, bring the bays,
Strew his hearse, and strew the ways!

Israelite Woman
May ev’ry hero fall like thee,
Through sorrow to felicity!

Virgins
Bring the laurels, bring the bays
Strew his hearse and strew the ways!

Israelites
Glorious hero, may thy grave
Peace and honour ever have,
After all thy pains and woes,
Rest etemal, sweet repose!

85. Recitative

Manoah
Come, come! No time for lamentation now,
No cause for grief; Samson like Samson fell,
Both life and death heroic. To his foes
Ruin is left; to him eternal fame.

Micah
Why should we weep or wail, dispraise or blame,
Where all is well and fair to quiet us?
Praise we Jehovah then, who to the end
Not parted from him, but assisted still,
‘Till desolation fill’d Philistia’s lands,
Honour and freedom giv’n to Jacob’s seed.

86. Air

Israelite Woman
Let the bright seraphim in burning row,
Their loud, uplifted angel trumpets blow.
Let the cherubic host, in tuneful choirs,
Touch their immortal harps with golden wires.

87. Chorus of Israelites
Let their celestial concerts all unite,
Ever to sound his praise in endless blaze of light.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

Handel, “l’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato”

 

 

“As steals the morn upon the night”

by George Frideric Handel

from L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato

Part the Third

Duet (soprano & tenor)

As steals the morn upon the night,
And melts the shades away:
So Truth does Fancy’s charm dissolve,
And rising Reason puts to flight
The fumes that did the mind involve,
Restoring intellectual day.

 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (“The Cheerful, the Thoughtful, and the Moderate Man”; HWV 55) is a pastoral ode by George Frideric Handel based on the poetry of John Milton.

Handel composed the work over the period of 19 January to 4 February 1740, and the work was premiered on 27 February 1740 at the Royal Theatre of Lincoln’s Inn Fields. At the urging of one of Handel’s librettists, Charles Jennens, Milton’s two poems, L’Allegro and il Penseroso, were arranged by James Harris, interleaving them to create dramatic tension between the personified characters of Milton’s poems (L’Allegro or the “Joyful man” and il Penseroso or the “Contemplative man”). The first two movements consist of this dramatic dialog between Milton’s poems. In an attempt to unite the two poems into a singular “moral design”, at Handel’s request, Jennens added a new poem, “il Moderato”, to create a third movement. The popular concluding aria and chorus, “As Steals the Morn” is adapted from Shakespeare’s Tempest, V.i.65–68.

 

*****************************************************

 

Handel, “l’Allegro ed il Pensero”

 

 

The third and final part of this pastoral ode by Handel, “il Moderato,” is missing from this excellent recording.

The lyrics, as noted above, are from a poem by Milton.

I could not hear this piece enough times after first encountering it. It was typically sublime Handel, yet also different from his other works, occupies its own place.

 

*****************************************************

Below I have added the music from the third section, “Il Moderato.”

 

*****************************************************

Libretto

 

PARTE PRIMA

1. Accompagnato

L’Allegro (tenor):

Hence loathed Melancholy
Of Cerberus, and blackest midnight born,
In Stygian cave forlorn
‘Mongst horrid shapes, and shrieks, and sights unholy,
Find out some uncouth cell,
Where brooding darkness spreads his jealous wings,
And the night-raven sings;
There under ebon shades, and low-brow’d rocks,
As ragged as thy locks,
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell.

2. Accompagnato

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Hence vain deluding joys,
Dwell in some idle brain,
And fancies fond with gaudy shapes possess,
As thick and numberless
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams,
Or likest hovering dreams
The fickle pensioners of Morpheus’ train.

3. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

Come, thou goddess fair and free,
In Heav’n yclep’d Euphrosyne;
And by men heart-easing Mirth,
Whom lovely Venus, at a birth,
With two sister-graces more,
To ivy-crowned Bacchus bore.

4. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Come rather, goddess sage and holy;
Hail, divinest Melancholy,
Whose saintly visage is too bright
To hit the sense of human sight;
Thee bright-hair’d Vesta long of yore,
To solitary Saturn bore.

5. Air and Chorus

L’Allegro (tenor):

Haste thee, nymph, and bring with thee
Jest and youthful jollity,
Quips and cranks, and wanton wiles,
Nods, and becks, and wreathed smiles
Such as hang on Hebe’s cheek,
And love to live in dimple sleek,
Sport, that wrinkled care derides,
And laughter, holding both his sides.
Chorus:
Haste thee, nymph, and bring with thee
Jest, and youthful jollity;
Sport, that wrinkled care derides,
And laughter, holding both his sides.

6. Air and Chorus

L’Allegro (tenor):

Come, and trip it as you go,
On the light fantastic toe.
Chorus:
Come, and trip it as you go,
On the light fantastic toe.

7. Accompagnato

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Come, pensive nun, devout and pure,
Sober, steadfast, and demure;
All in a robe of darkest grain,
Flowing with majestic train.

8. Arioso

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Come, but keep thy wonted state,
With even step, and musing gait,
And looks commercing with the skies,
Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes.

9. Accompagnato and Chorus

Il Penseroso (soprano):

There held in holy passion still,
Forget thyself to marble, till
With a sad leaden downward cast
Thou fix them on the earth as fast.
And join with thee calm peace, and quiet,
Spare fast, that oft with gods doth diet,
And hears the muses in a ring
Round about Jove’s altar sing.
Chorus:
Join with thee calm peace, and quiet,
Spare fast, that oft with gods doth diet.

10. Recitative

L’Allegro (tenor):

Hence, loathed Melancholy,
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell.
But haste thee, Mirth, and bring with thee
The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty.
L’Allegro (soprano):
And if I give thee honour due,
Mirth, admit me of thy crew!

11. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

Mirth, admit me of thy crew,
To live with her, and live with thee,
In unreproved pleasures free;
To hear the lark begin his flight,
And singing startle the dull night;
Then to come in spite of sorrow,
And at my window bid good morrow.
Mirth, admit me of thy crew!

12. Accompagnato

Il Penseroso (soprano):

First, and chief, on golden wing,
The cherub Contemplation bring;
And the mute Silence hist along,
‘Less Philomel will deign a song,
In her sweetest, saddest plight,
Smoothing the rugged brow of night.

13. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Sweet bird, that shun’st the noise of folly,
Most musical, most melancholy!
Thee, chauntress, oft the woods among,
I woo to hear thy even-song.
Or, missing thee, I walk unseen,
On the dry smooth-shaven green,
To behold the wand’ring moon
Riding near her highest noon.
Sweet bird. . . da capo

14. Recitative

L’Allegro (bass):

If I give thee honour due,
Mirth, admit me of thy crew!

15. Air

L’Allegro (bass):

Mirth, admit me of thy crew!
To listen how the hounds and horn
Cheerly rouse the slumb’ring morn,
From the side of some hoar hill,
Through the high wood echoing shrill.

16. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Oft on a plat of rising ground,
I hear the far-off curfew sound,
Over some wide-water’d shore,
Swinging slow, with sullen roar;
Or if the air will not permit,
Some still removed place will fit,
Where glowing embers through the room
Teach light to counterfeit a gloom.

17. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano or tenor):

Far from all resort of mirth,
Save the cricket on the hearth,
Or the bellman’s drowsy charm,
To bless the doors from nightly harm.

18. Recitative

L’Allegro (tenor):

If I give thee honour due,
Mirth, admit me of thy crew!

19. Air

L’Allegro (tenor or soprano):

Let me wander, not unseen,
By hedge-row elms on hillocks green.
There, the ploughman, near at hand,
Whistles over the furrow’d land,
And the milkmaid singeth blithe,
And the mower whets his scythe,
And every shepherd tells his tale
Under the hawthorn in the dale.

20a. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

Straight mine eye hath caught new pleasures,
While the landscape round it measures
Russet lawns, and fallows grey,
Where the nibbling flocks do stray.

21. Accompagnato

L’Allegro (soprano or bass):

Mountains, on whose barren breast
The lab’ring clouds do often rest:
Meadows trim with daisies pied,
Shallow brooks, and rivers wide
Tow’rs and battlements it sees,
Bosom’d high in tufted trees.

20a. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

Straight mine eye hath caught new pleasures,
While the landscape round it measures
Russet lawns, and fallows grey,
Where the nibbling flocks do stray.

22. Air and Chorus

L’Allegro (soprano or tenor):

Or let the merry bells ring round,
And the jocund rebecks sound
To many a youth, and many a maid,
Dancing in the checquer’d shade.
Chorus:
And young and old come forth to play
On a sunshine holiday,
Till the livelong daylight fail.
Thus past the day, to bed they creep,
By whisp’ring winds soon lull’d asleep.

PARTE SECONDA

23. Accompagnato

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Hence, vain deluding joys,
The brood of Folly without father bred;
How little you bestead,
Or fill the fixed mind with all your toys.
Oh, let my lamp, at midnight hour,
Be seen in some high lonely tow’r,
Where I may oft out-watch the Bear
With thrice-great Hermes, or unsphere
The spirit of Plato to unfold
What worIds, or what vast regions hold
Th’immortal mind that hath forsook
Her mansion in this fleshly nook.

24. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Sometimes let gorgeous Tragedy
In sceptred pall come sweeping by,
Presenting Thebes, or Pelops’ line,
Or the tale of Troy divine;
Or what (though rare) of later age
Ennobled hath the buskin’d stage.

25. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

But oh, sad virgin, that thy pow’r
Might raise Musaeus from his bow’r,
Or bid the soul of Orpheus sing
Such notes as, warbled to the string,
Drew iron tears down Pluto’s cheeks
And made hell grant what love did seek.

26. Recitative

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Thus night oft see me in thy pale career,
Till unwelcome morn appear.

27. Solo & Chorus

L’Allegro (bass):

Populous cities please me then,
And the busy hum of men.
Chorus:
Populous cities please us then,
And the busy hum of men,
Where throngs of knights and barons bold,
In weeds of peace high triumphs hold;
With store of ladies, whose bright eyes
Rain influence, and judge the prize
Of wit, or arms, while both contend
To win her grace, whom all commend.
Populous cities. . . da capo

28. Air

L’Allegro (soprano or tenor):

There let Hymen oft appear
In saffron robe, with taper clear,
And pomp, and feast, and revelry,
With mask, and antique pageantry;
Such sights as youthful poets dream

On summer eves by haunted stream.

29. Accompagnato

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Me, when the sun begins to fling
His flaring beams, me goddess bring
To arched walks of twilight groves,
And shadows brown that Sylvan loves;
There in close covert by some brook,
Where no profaner eye may look.

30. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

Hide me from day’s garish eye,
While the bee with honied thigh,
Which at her flow’ry worth doth sing,
And the waters murmuring,
With such consort as they keep
Entice the dewy-feather’d sleep;
And let some strange mysterious dream
Wave at his wings in airy stream
Of lively portraiture display’d,
Softly on my eyelids laid.
Then as I wake, sweet music breathe,
Above, about, or underneath,
Sent by some spirit to mortals good,
Or th’unseen genius of the wood.

31. Air

L’Allegro (tenor):

I’ll to the well-trod stage anon,
If Jonson’s learned sock be on,
Or sweetest Shakespeare, Fancy’s child,
Warble his native wood-notes wild.

32. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

And ever against eating cares,
Lap me in soft Lydian airs
Married to immortal verse,
Such as the meeting soul may pierce
In notes, with many a winding bout
Of linked sweetness long drawn out;
With wanton heed, and giddy cunning,
The melting voice through mazes running,
Untwisting all the chains that tie
The hidden soul of harmony.

33. Air

L’Allegro (soprano):

Orpheus’ self may heave his head
From golden slumbers on a bed
Of heap’d Elysian flow’rs, and hear
Such strains as would have won the ear
Of Pluto, to have quite set free
His half-regain’d Eurydice.

34. Air and Chorus

L’Allegro (tenor):

These delights if thou canst give,
Mirth, with thee I mean to live.
Chorus:
These delights if thou canst give,
Mirth, with thee we mean to live.

35. Recitative

Il Penseroso (soprano):

But let my due feet never fail
To walk the studious cloister’s pale,
And love the high-embowed roof,
With antic pillars’ massy proof,
And storied windows richly dight,
Casting a dim religious light.

36. Solo & Chorus

Chorus:

There let the pealing organ blow
To the full voic’d quire below,
In service high and anthems clear!
Il Penseroso (soprano):
And let their sweetness, through mine ear,
Dissolve me into ecstasies,
And bring all Heav’n before mine eyes!

37. Air

Il Penseroso (soprano):

May at last my weary age
Find out the peaceful hermitage,
The hairy gown and mossy cell,
Where I may sit and rightly spell
Of ev’ry star that Heav’n doth show,
And ev’ry herb that sips the dew;
Till old experience do attain
To something like prophetic strain.

38. Solo and Chorus

Il Penseroso (soprano):

These pleasures, Melancholy, give,
And I with thee will choose to live.
Chorus:
These pleasures, Melancholy, give,
And we with thee will choose to live.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

Handel, “Judas Maccabeus” (1747)

 

Handel, “Judas Maccabeus” (1747)

 

 

 

JUDAS MACCABAEUS

A Sacred Drama

Words by Thomas Morell

DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Judas Maccabaeus (tenor)
Simon, his Brother (bass)
Israelitish Woman (soprano)
Israelitish Man (mezzo-soprano)
Eupolemus, the Jewish Ambassador to Rome (alto)
First Messenger (alto)
Second Messenger (bass)
Chorus of Israelites
Chorus of Youths
Chorus of Virgins

________________________________________

ACT ONE

1. Overture
Scene 1
Chorus of Israelites, men and women,
lamenting the death of Mattathias, the father of Judas Maccabaeus.

2. Chorus of Israelites
Mourn, ye afflicted children, the remains
Of captive Judah, mourn in solemn strains;
Your sanguine hopes of liberty give o’er,
Your hero, friend and father is no more.

3. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Well, may your sorrows, brethren, flow
In all th’expressive signs of woe:
Your softer garments tear,
And squalid sackcloth wear,
Your drooping heads with ashes strew,
And with the flowig tear your cheeks bedew.
Israelitish Woman
Daughters, let your distressful cries
And loud lament ascend the skies;
Your tender bosoms beat, and tear,
With hands remorseless, your dishevell’d hair;
For pale and breathless Mattathias lies,
Sad emblem of his country’s miseries!

4. Duet
Israelitish Woman and Man
From this dread scene, these adverse pow’rs,
Ah, whither shall we fly?
O Solyma! Thy boasted tow’rs
In smoky ruins lie.

5. Chorus of Israelites
For Sion lamentation make,
With words that weep, and tears that speak.

6. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Not vain is all this storm of grief;
To vent our sorrows, gives relief.
Wretched indeed! But let not Judah’s race
Their ruin with desponding arms embrace.
Distractful doubt and desperation
Ill become the chosen nation,
Chosen by the great I AM,
The Lord of hosts, who, still the same,
We trust, will give attentive ear
To the sincerity of pray’r.

7. Air
Israelitish Man
Pious orgies, pious airs,
Decent sorrow, decent pray’rs,
Will to the Lord ascend, and move
His pity, and regain His love.

8. Chorus of Israelites
O Father, whose Almighty pow’r
The Heav’ns, and earth, and seas adore;
The hearts of Judah, thy delight,
In one defensive band unite.
And grant a leader bold, and brave,
If not to conquer, born to save.

9. Accompagnato
Simon
I feel, I feel the deity within,
Who, the bright cherubim between,
His radiant glory erst display’d;
To Israel’s distressful pray’r
He hath vouchsafe’d a gracious ear,
And points out Maccabaeus to their aid:
Judas shall set the captive free,
And lead us all to victory.

10. Air
Simon
Arm, arm, ye brave! A noble cause,
The cause of Heav’n your zeal demands.
In defence of your nation, religion, and laws,
The Almighty Jehovah will strengthen your hands.
Arm, arm. . . da capo

11. Chorus of Israelites
We come, we come, in bright array,
Judah, thy sceptre to obey.

12. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
‘Tis well, my friends; with transport I behold
The spirit of our fathers, fam’d of old
For their exploits in war. Oh, may they fire
With active courage you, their sons inspire:
As when the mighty Joshua fought,
And those amazing wonders wrought,
Stood still, obedient to his voice, the sun,
Till kings he had destroy’d, and kingdoms won.

13. Air
Judas Maccabaeus
Call forth thy pow’rs, my soul, and dare
The conflict of unequal war.
Great is the glory of the conqu’ring sword,
That triumphs in sweet liberty restor’d.
Call forth. . . da capo

14. Recitative
Israelitish Woman
To Heav’n’s Almighty king we kneel,
For blessings on this exemplary zeal.
Bless him, Jehovah, bless him, and once more
To thy own Israel liberty restore.

15. Air
Israelitish Woman
O liberty, thou choicest treasure,
Seat of virtue, source of pleasure!
Life, without thee, knows no blessing,
No endearment worth caressing.

16. Air
Israelitish Woman
Come, ever-smiling liberty,
And with thee bring thy jocund train.
For thee we pant, and sigh for thee,
With whom eternal pleasures reign.
Come. . . da capo

17. Recitative
Israelitish Man
O Judas, may these noble views inspire
All Israel with thy true heroic fire!

18. Air
Israelitish Man
‘Tis liberty, dear liberty alone,
That gives fresh beauty to the sun;
That bids all nature look more gay,
And lovely life with pleasure steal away.

19. Duet
Israelitish Woman and Man
Come, ever-smiling liberty,
And with thee bring thy jocund train.
For thee we pant, and sigh for thee,
With whom eternal pleasures reign.

20. Chorus of Israelites
Lead on, lead on! Judah disdains
The galling load of hostile chains.

21. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
So will’d my father now at rest
In the eternal mansions of the blest:
“Can ye behold,” said he “the miseries,
In which the long-insulted Judah lies?
Can ye behold their dire distress,
And not, at least, attempt redress?”
Then, faintly, with expiring breath,
“Resolve, my sons, on liberty, or death!”
We come! Oh see, thy sons prepare
The rough habiliments of war;
With hearts intrepid, and revengeful hands,
To execute, O sire, thy dread commands.

22. Semi-chorus of Israelitish Men
Disdainful of danger, we’ll rush on the foe,
That Thy pow’r, O Jehovah, all nations may know.

23. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
Ambition! If e’er honour was thine aim,
Challenge it here:
The glorious cause gives sanction to thy claim.

24. Air
Judas Maccabaeus
No unhallow’d desire
Our breasts shall inspire,
Nor lust of unbounded pow’r!
But peace to obtain:
Free peace let us gain,
And conquest shall ask no more.

25. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Haste we, my brethren, haste we to the field,
Dependant on the Lord, our strength and shield.

26. Chorus of Israelites
Hear us, O Lord, on Thee we call,
Resolv’d on conquest, or a glorious fall.

ACT TWO

27. Chorus of Israelites
Fall’n is the foe; so fall Ty foes, O Lord,
Where warlike Judas wields his righteous sword!

28. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Victorious hero! Fame shall tell,
With her last breath, how Apollonius fell,
And all Samaria fled, by thee pursued
Through hills of carnage and a sea of blood;
While thy resistless prowess dealt around,
With their own leader’s sword, the deathful wound.
Thus, too, the haughty Seron, Syria’s boast,
Before thee fell with his unnumber’d host.

29. Air
Israelitish Man
So rapid thy course is,
Not numberless forces
Withstand thy all-conquering sword.
Though nations surround thee,
No pow’r shall confound thee,
Till freedom again be restor’d.
So rapid. . . da capo

30. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Well may we hope our freedom to receive,
Such sweet transporting views thy actions give.

31.Duet
Israelitish Woman and Man
Sion now her head shall raise,
Tune your harps to songs of praise.

32. Chorus
Israelites
Sion now her head shall raise,
Tune your harps to songs of praise.

33. Recitative
Israelitish Woman
Oh, let eternal honours crown his name:
Judas, first worthy in the rolls of fame.
Say, “He put on the breast-plate as a giant,
And girt his warlike harness about him;
In his acts he was like a lion,
And like a lion’s whelp roaring for his prey.”

34. Air
Israelitish Woman
From mighty kings he took the spoil,
And with his acts made Judah smile.
Judah rejoiceth in his name,
And triumphs in her hero’s fame.
From mighty kings. . . da capo

35. Duet
Israelitish Woman and Man
Hail, hail, Judea, happy land!
Salvation prospers in his hand.

36. Chorus
Israelites
Hail, hail, Judea, happy land!
Salvation prospers in his hand.

37. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
Thanks to my brethren; but look up to Heav’n;
To Heav’n let glory and all praise be giv’n;
To Heav’n give your applause,
Nor add the second cause,
As once your fathers did in Midian,
Saying, “The sword of God and Gideon.”
It was the Lord that for his Israel fought,
And this our wonderful salvation wrought.

38. Air
Judas Maccabaeus
How vain is man, who boasts in fight
The valour of gigantic might!
And dreams not that a hand unseen
Directs and guides this weak machine.
How vain. . . da capo

39. Recitative
First Messenger
O Judas, O my brethren!
New scenes of bloody war
In all their horrors rise.
Prepare, prepare,
Or soon we fall a sacrifice
To great Antiochus; from th’Egyptian coast,
(Where Ptolemy hath Memphis and Pelusium lost)
He sends the valiant Gorgias, and commands
His proud, victorious bands
To root out Israel’s strength, and to erase
Ev’ry memorial of the sacred place.

40. Air
Israelitish Woman
Ah! wretched, wretched Israel! fall’n, how low,
From joyous transport to desponding woe.

41. Chorus
Israelites
Ah! wretched, wretched Israel! fall’n, how low,
From joyous transport to desponding woe.

42. Recitative
Simon
Be comforted, nor think these plagues are sent
For your destruction, but for chastisement.
Heav’n oft in mercy punisheth, that sin
May feel its own demerits from within,
And urge not utter ruin. Turn to God,
And draw a blessing from His iron rod.

43. Air
Simon
The Lord worketh wonders
His glory to raise;
And still, as he thunders,
Is fearful in praise.

44. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
My arms! Against this Gorgias will I go.
The Idumean governor shall know
How vain, how ineffective his design,
While rage his leader, and Jehovah mine.

45. Air
Judas Maccabaeus
Sound an alarm! Your silver trumpets sound,
And call the brave, and only brave, around.
Who listeth, follow: to the field again!
Justice with courage is a thousand men.
Sound an alarm. . . da capo

46. Chorus
We hear, we hear the pleasing dreadful call,
And follow thee to conquest; if to fall,
For laws, religion, liberty, we fall.

47. Recitative
Simon
Enough! To Heav’n we leave the rest.
Such gen’rous ardour firing ev’ry breast,
We may divide our cares; the field be thine,
O Judas, and your sanctuary mine;
For Sion, holy Sion, seat of God,
In ruinous heaps, is by the heathen trod;
Such profanation calls for swift redress,
If e’er in battle Israel hopes success.

48. Air
Simon
With pious hearts, and brave as pious,
O Sion, we thy call attend,
Nor dread the nations that defy us,
God our defender, God our friend.

49. Recitative
Israelitish Man
Ye worshippers of God,
Down, down with the polluted altars, down.
Hurl Jupiter Olympius from his throne,
Nor reverence Bacchus with his ivy crown
And ivy-wreathed rod.
Our fathers never knew
Him, or his beastly crew,
Or, knowing, scorn’d such idol vanities.
Israelitish Woman
No more in Sion let the virgin throng,
Wild with delusion, pay their nightly song
To Ashtoreth, yclep’t the Queen of Heav’n.
Hence to Phoenicia be the goddess driv’n,
Or be she, with her priests and pageants, hurl’d
To the remotest corner of the world,
Ne’er to delude us more with pious lies.

50. Air
Israelitish Woman
Wise men, flatt’ring, may deceive us
With their vain, mysterious art;
Magic charms can ne’er relieve us,
Nor can heal the wounded heart.
But true wisdom can relieve us,
Godlike wisdom from above;
This alone can ne’er deceive us,
This alone all pains remove.
Wise men. . . da capo

51. Duet
Israelitish Woman and Man
Oh, never, never bow we down
To the rude stock or sculptur’d stone.
We worship God, and God alone.

52. Chorus of Israelites
We never, never will bow down
To the rude stock or sculptur’d stone.
We worship God, and God alone.

ACT THREE

53. Air
Israelitish Man
Father of Heav’n! From Thy eternal throne,
Look with an eye of blessing down,
While we prepare with holy rites,
To solemnize the feasts of lights.
And thus our grateful hearts employ;
And in Thy praise
This altar raise,
With carols of triumphant joy.
Father of Heav’n. . . da capo

54. Accompagnato
Israelitish Man
See, see yon flames, that from the altar broke,
In spiring streams pursue the trailing smoke.
The fragrant incense mounts the yielding air;
Sure presage that the Lord hath heard our pray’r.

55. Recitative
Israelitish Woman
Oh, grant it, Heav’n, that our long woes may cease,
And Judah’s daughters taste the calm of peace,
Sons, brothers, husbands to bewail no more,
Tortur’d at home, or havock’d in the war.

56. Air
Israelitish Woman
So shall the lute and harp awake,
And sprightly voice sweet descant run,
Seraphic melody to make,
In the pure strains of Jesse’s son.

57. Recitative

First Messenger
From Capharsalama, on eagle wings I fly,
With tidings of impetuous joy:
Came Lysias, with his host, array’d
In coat of mail; their massy shields
Of gold and brass, flash’d lightning o’er the fields,
While the huge tow’r-back’d elephants display’d
A horrid front. But Judas, undismay’d,
Met, fought, and vanquish’d all the rageful train.
Yet more, Nicanor lies with thousands slain;
The blasphemous Nicanor, who defied
The living God, and, in his wanton pride,
A public monument ordain’d
Of victories yet ungain’d.

Second Messenger
But lo, the conqueror comes; and on his spear,
To dissipate all fear,
He bears the vaunter’s head and hand,
That threaten’d desolation to the land.

58. Chorus

Youths
See, the conqu’ring hero comes!
Sound the trumpets, beat the drums.
Sports prepare, the laurel bring,
Songs of triumph to him sing.

Virgins
See the godlike youth advance!
Breathe the flutes, and lead the dance;
Myrtle wreaths, and roses twine,
To deck the hero’s brow divine.

Israelites
See, the conqu’ring hero comes!
Sound the trumpets, beat the drums.
Sports prepare, the laurel bring,
Songs of triumph to him sing.
See, the conqu’ring hero comes!
Sound the trumpets, beat the drums.

59. March

60. Soli (alto, tenor) & Chorus of Israelites
Sing unto God, and high affections raise,
To crown this conquest with unmeasur’d praise.

61. Recitative
Judas Maccabaeus
Sweet flow the strains, that strike my feasted ear;
Angels might stoop from Heav’n to hear
The comely song we sing,
To Israel’s Lord and King.
But pause awhile: due obsequies prepare
To those who bravely fell in war.
To Eleazar special tribute pay;
Through slaughter’d troops he cut his way
To the distinguish’d elephant, and, whelm’d beneath
The stabbed monster, triumph’d in a glorious death.

62. Air
Judas Maccabaeus
With honour let desert be crown’d,
The trumpet ne’er in vain shall sound;
But, all attentive to alarms,
The willing nations fly to arms,
And, conquering or conquer’d, claim the prize
Of happy earth, or far more happy skies.

63. Recitative
Eupolemus
Peace to my countrymen; peace and liberty.
From the great senate of imperial Rome,
With a firm league of amity, I come.
Rome, whate’er nation dare insult us more,
Will rouse, in our defence, her vet’ran pow’r,
And stretch her vengeful arm, by land or sea
To curb the proud, and set the injur’d free.

64. Chorus of Israelites
To our great God be all the honour giv’n,
That grateful hearts can send from earth to Heav’n.

65. Recitative
Israelitish Woman
Again to earth let gratitude descend,
Praiseworthy is our hero and our friend.
Come then, my daughters, choicest art bestow,
To weave a chaplet for the victor’s brow;
And in your songs for ever be confess’d
The valour that preserv’d, the pow’r that bless’d,
Bless’d you with hours, that scatter, as they fly,
Soft quiet, gentle love, and boundless joy.

66. Air (Duet)
Israelitish Woman (and Man)
O lovely peace, with plenty crown’d,
Come, spread thy blessings all around.
Let fleecy flocks the hills adorn,
And vallies smile with wavy corn.
Let the shrill trumpet cease, nor other sound
But nature’s songsters wake the cheerful morn.
O lovely peace. . . da capo

67. Air
Simon
Rejoice, O Judah, and, in songs divine,
With cherubim and seraphim harmonious join!

68. Chorus
Israelites
Hallelujah! Amen.

Handel, “Israel in Egypt”

 

Handel, “Israel in Egypt” (1739)

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

   January 2016

 

*****************************************************

 

ISRAEL IN EGYPT (1739)
A Sacred Oratorio
Words attributed to Charles Jennens

________________________________________

 

PART THE FIRST

1. Recitative (tenor)
Now there arose a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph; and he set over Israel taskmasters to afflict them with burthens, and they made them serve with rigour.
(Exodus 1: 8, 11, 13)

2. Alto Solo and Chorus
And the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and their cry came unto God. They oppressed them with burthens, and made them serve with rigour; and their cry came up unto God.
(Exodus 2: 23; Exodus. 1: 13)

3. Recitative (tenor)
Then sent He Moses, His servant, and Aaron whom He had chosen; these shewed His signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham.
He turned their waters into blood.
(Psalm cv: 26, 27, 29)

4. Chorus
They loathed to drink of the river. He turned their waters into blood.
(Exodus 7: 18; Psalm cv: 29)

5. Air (alto)
Their land brought forth frogs, yea, even in their king’s chambers.
(Psalm cv: 30)
He gave their cattle over to the pestilence; blotches and blains broke forth on man and beast.
(Exodus 11: 9, 10)

6. Chorus
He spake the word, and there came all manner of flies and lice in all quarters.
He spake; and the locusts came without number, and devoured the fruits of the ground.
(Psalm cv: 31, 34, 35)

7. Chorus
He gave them hailstones for rain; fire mingled with the hail ran along upon the ground.
(Psalm cv: 3; Exodus 9: 23, 24)

8. Chorus
He sent a thick darkness over the land, even darkness which might be felt.
(Exodus 10: 21)

9. Chorus
He smote all the first-born of Egypt, the chief of all their strength.
(Psalm cv: 36, 37)

10. Chorus
But as for His people, He led them forth like sheep: He brought them out with silver and gold; there was not one feeble person among their tribes.
(Psalm lxxviii: 53; Psalm cv: 37)

11. Chorus
Egypt was glad when they departed, for the fear of them fell upon them.

12. Chorus
He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up. He led them through the deep as through a wilderness.
(Psalm cvi: 9)
But the waters overwhelmed their enemies, there was not one of them left.
(Psalm cvi: 11)

13. Chorus
And Israel saw that great work that the Lord did upon the Egyptians; and the people feared the Lord, and believed the Lord and His servant Moses.
(Exodus xiv: 31)

PART THE SECOND

14. Chorus
Moses and the children of Israel sung this song unto the Lord, and spake, saying: I will sing unto the Lord, for He hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
(Exodus xv: 1)

15. Duet (soprano 1 & 2)
The Lord is my strength and my song; He is become my salvation.
(Exodus xv: 2)

16. Chorus
He is my god, and I will prepare Him an habitation; my father’s God, and I will exalt Him.
(Exodus xv: 2)

17. Duet (bass 1 & 2)
The Lord is a man of war: Lord is His name. Pharaoh’s chariots and his host hath He cast into the sea; his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red Sea.
(Exodus xv: 3, 4)

18. Chorus
The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone.
(Exodus xv: 5)

19. Chorus
Thy right hand, O Lord, is become glorious in power; Thy right hand, O Lord, hath dashed in pieces the enemy.
(Exodus xv: 6)
And in the greatness of Thine excellency Thou hast overthrown them that rose up against Thee. Thou sentest forth Thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble.
(Exodus xv: 7)

20. Chorus
And with the blast of Thy nostrils the waters were gathered together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea.
(Exodus xv: 8)

21. Air (tenor)
The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.
(Exodus xv: 9)

22. Air (soprano)
Thou didst blow with the wind, the sea covered them; they sank as lead in the mighty waters.
(Exodus xv: 10)

23. Chorus
Who is like unto Thee, O Lord, among the gods. Who is like Thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou strechedst out Thy right hand, the earth swallowed them.
(Exodus xv: 11, 12)

24. Duet (alto and tenor)
Thou in Thy mercy hast led forth Thy people which Thou hast redeemed; Thou hast guided them in Thy strength unto Thy holy habitation.
(Exodus xv: 13)

25. Chorus
The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on them: all the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away: by the greatness of Thy arm they shall be as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O Lord, which Thou ha st purchased.
(Exodus xv: 14, 15, 16)

26. Air (alto)
Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of Thine inheritance, in the place, O Lord, which Thou hast made for Thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which Thy hands have established. &nbs p;
(Exodus xv: 17)

27a. Chorus
The Lord shall reign for ever and ever.
(Exodus xv: 18)

28. Recitative (tenor)
For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the Lord brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.
(Exodus xv: 19)

27b. Double Chorus
The Lord shall reign for ever and ever.
(Exodus xv: 18)

29. Recitative (tenor)
And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. And Miriam answered them: —
(Exodus xv: 20, 21)

30. Soprano Solo and Chorus
Sing ye to the Lord, for He hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
(Exodus xv: 21)

Francesco Biscogli, concerto

 

Francesco Biscogli, concerto

 

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Francesco Biscogli (ca. 1700 – ca. 1750) was an Italian composer.

Biographical information on the composer is missing. Only a single known work from around 1740 exists: a triple concerto for trumpet, oboe, bassoon, two violins, and basso continuo in D major, which has been attributed to Biscogli (posted here).

It is a charming and uplifting work. I first encountered in it in high school on an LP of my parents on which it was paired with a famous Vivaldi concerto. I listened to the Biscogli piece over and over again.

 

– posted by Roger W. Smith

  January 2016

Beethoven piano sonata no. 27, opus 90

 

 

 

Beethoven piano sonata no. 27, opus 90

 

It is rare that this sonata is in two movements instead of four.

For some reason, it does not seem to be performed that often.

I grew to love it from listening to my mother play the second movement when I was very young.

 

— Roger W. Smith

     January 2017

 

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from Wikipedia

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor, Op. 90 was written in the summer of 1814 – Beethoven’s late Middle period – and was dedicated to Prince Moritz von Lichnowsky, a friend and benefactor who was also the dedicatee of the famous Eroica Variations.

Beethoven’s autograph survives and is dated August 16, 1814. The sonata was published almost a year later.

Beethoven’s letter to Prince Moritz von Lichnowsky, sent in September 1814, explains Beethoven’s dedication:

I had a delightful walk yesterday with a friend in the Brühl, and in the course of our friendly chat you were particularly mentioned, and lo! and behold! on my return I found your kind letter. I see you are resolved to continue to load me with benefits. As I am unwilling you should suppose that a step I have already taken is prompted by your recent favors, or by any motive of the sort, I must tell you that a sonata of mine is about to appear, dedicated to you. I wished to give you a surprise, as this dedication has been long designed for you, but your letter of yesterday induces me to name the fact. I required no new motive thus publicly to testify my sense of your friendship and kindness.

Beethoven’s friend and biographer Anton Schindler reported that the two movements of the sonata were to be titled Kampf zwischen Kopf und Herz (“A Contest Between Head and Heart”) and Conversation mit der Geliebten (“Conversation with the Beloved”), respectively, and that the sonata as a whole referred to Prince Moritz’ romance with a woman he was thinking of marrying.

Schindler’s explanation first appeared in his 1842 book Beethoven in Paris and has been repeated in several other books. Later studies showed that the story was almost certainly invented by Schindler, at least in part, and that he went as far as to forge an entry in one of Beethoven’s conversation books to validate the anecdote.

Although most of Beethoven’s piano sonatas are cast in three or four movements, this piece consists of just two movements. Both are provided with performance instructions in German:

first movement: Mit Lebhaftigkeit und durchaus mit Empfindung und Ausdruck (With liveliness and with feeling and expression throughout)

second movement: Nicht zu geschwind und sehr singbar vorgetragen (Not too swiftly and conveyed in a singing manner)

 

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Addendum:

The second movement is supposed to be played “Nicht zu geschwind und sehr singbar vorgetragen” (Not too swiftly and conveyed in a singing manner).

Nevertheless, some– indeed, many — pianists, including renowned ones, play the second movement TOO FAST and in a restrained, bloodless manner, not a singing manner.

I would almost prefer to hear it played by an amateur who has a sensitivity to the piece.

 

— Roger W. Smith, email to a friend, January 1, 2017

Roger W. Smith, “On Listening to Music”

 

Once a visitor to our home, a man I didn’t know who was discussing music with my father, asked my father, a professional musician, “does he play too?” referring to me.

My father answered, “No, he doesn’t. But he listens.

My father had a way with words. When he said “listens,” he did it in such a way as to emphasize it.

I felt at the time that my father might have been making a backhanded compliment. I didn’t take it all that well.

It was long ago, but I have since thought about my father’s remark anew. I think he meant it as a compliment and was showing appreciation for me.

I do have an extensive acquaintance with classical music, as my father implied.

I have been thinking about listening as it relates to performance.

I find that I have a good ear and a very good musical memory. I always seem to be able to recall music from long ago, exactly, note for note, and so on (not just the notes, but the timbre, pitch, orchestral coloration, rhythm, tone, harmony, dynamics, and other effects).

For example, if I hear a hit by Elvis Presley from the Fifties, I seem to recall every quaver in his voice, every trill, everything.

One might say, so what, it’s not complex music. But the point is that, regardless of the format, I seem to remember exactly, kind of like the musical equivalent of having a photographic memory.

Perhaps many other people have the same ability.

In the case of classical music, I seem to remember exactly performances I heard long ago on LP’s. If I hear a new performance, I am very aware of slight differences. Usually, I prefer the older performance, seem to want to hear the piece performed just the way it was when I first heard and grew to love it.

To take one example of a piece I’ve recently listed to after a long time: the hymn “Fairest Lord Jesus.” Our Sunday school boys choir performed this beautiful hymn in the North Congregational church in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1957.

I tried to find a good choral version on Amazon.com. It’s amazing how bad some of them are.

I found a version of the hymn by the York College Concert Choir. It was one of the few good ones. Still, I would have preferred if they had sung it at just a little bit faster pace and slightly livelier tempo.

I remember just how “Fairest Lord Jesus” sounded when our boys choir sang it in 1957. We sang it at a little bit faster tempo, which is not to say too fast, and with a bit more verve.

The slightest variation in performance can bother me and almost ruin the listening experience for me.

Once I find a performance of some beloved piece that I really like, I usually don’t want to hear a different one, although sometimes (rarely) I will welcome a different interpretation, in cases, say, where a piece or composition is performed in a new arrangement or a transcription.

An example might be a set of CD’s I purchased a few years ago in which all nine Beethoven symphonies are performed in piano transcriptions by Franz Liszt. The experience was like hearing the symphonies anew, every note.

I appreciate in retrospect what my father said about my listening ability and don’t regret too much that I never became proficient as a musician.

 

— Roger W. Smith

     January 2016